Abstract: With the rapid initiation and application of antiretroviral therapy (ART), Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has become a treatable chronic infectious disease. However, during the course of treatment, improper use of ART or poor patient adherence may lead to the development of drug-resistant mutations. This case report shares the treatment experience of a 30-year-old AIDS patient resistant to various drugs to varying degrees, who was treated with albuvirtide (ABT) in combination with dolutegravir (DTG). In this case, the patient underwent HIV resistance testing after treatment failure, and the results showed that the patient had varying degrees of resistance to a variety of drugs in nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and protease inhibitors, and was only sensitive to integrase inhibitors in the previous drugs. Combined with the resμlts of the patient's HIV drug resistance test, the treatment regimen was changed to "ABT+DTG", which successfully improved the viral replication of the patient, and the patient's immune function gradually improved during the eight-month treatment process. Due to economic reasons, the patient temporarily stopped the treatment of "ABT+DTG" for 1 month, and the patient's immune level decreased and the viral load rebounded. After continuous treatment with the "ABT+DTG" regimen, the CD4⁺T cell count increased steadily to 291 copies/μl and the viral load continued to decrease to less than 40 copies/ml until March 2023, which was well tolerated and safe during the treatment. These resμlts suggest that ABT combined with DTG is a new treatment option for patients with HIV multidrug resistance.

Key words: Albuvirtide, Human immunodeficiency virus, Acquired immune deficiency syndrome, Drug resistance, Antiretroviral therapy, Case report