Abstract: Objective To explore the infection status of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) in patients with cervical cancer and precancerous lesions and its relationship with serum human leukocyte antigen-G, Correlation between HLA-G, high mobility group protein A1 (HMGA1) and transforming growth factor-β 1 (TGF-β 1). Method A total of 148 cervical cancer patients treated in Chongqing Kaizhou District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from March 2023 to March 2024 were selected as the cervical cancer group. Additionally, 92 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) patients treated during the same period and 80 healthy females undergoing routine health examinations in our hospital were designated as the precancerous lesion group and the control group, respectively. Serum levels of HLA-G, HMGA1, TGF-β 1, and HR-HPV infection status were examined in all three groups. The HR-HPV infection rates and serum levels of HLA-G, HMGA1, and TGF-β 1 were observed and analyzed for their correlation with HR-HPV infection in cervical cancer patients. Result The infection rate of HR-HPV in CINⅢ was higher than CINⅠ in precancerous lesion group (χ²=11.642, P=0.001), and the infection rate of HR-HPV in FIGOⅠB and FIGOⅡA are all higher than CINⅠ, CINⅡ and CINⅢ in cervical cancer group (Z=38.566, Z=51.391, P<0.001). By comparison, the serum levels of HLA-G, HMGA1 and TGF-β 1 in patients with HPV infection in cervical cancer group were significantly higher than those in patients without HPV infection, and the serum levels of HLA-G, HMGA1 and TGF-β 1 in patients with HPV infection in precancerous lesions group were higher than those in patients without HPV infection, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The results showed that the serum levels of HLA-G, HMGA1 and TGF-β 1 in cervical cancer group were significantly higher than those in precancerous lesion group and control group, and the serum levels of HLA-G, HMGA1 and TGF-β 1 in precancerous lesion group were higher than those in control group (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that the serum levels of HLA-G, HMGA1 and TGF-β 1 were positively correlated with HR-HPV infection in patients with cervical cancer (r=0.385, P<0.001; r=0.376,P<0.001; r=0.431, P<0.001）. Conclusion The HR-HPV infection rate in 11 patients with cervical cancer increases with the progression of the disease, and the serum levels of HLA-G, HMGA1 and TGF-β 1 are significantly up-regulated, which is closely related to HR-HPV infection, providing a new biomarker for the early diagnosis of cervical cancer.

Key words: Cervical cancer, Precancerous lesions, High-risk human papillomavirus, Infection, Human leukocyte antigen-G, High mobility group protein A1, Transforming growth factor-β 1, Correlation