Abstract: Avian influenza is a zoonotic disease caused by the influenza A virus, primarily affecting birds but also capable of infecting mammals, with sporadic cases in humans. Human infection with avian influenza is an acute respiratory disease caused by certain subtypes of the avian influenza virus, associated with high mortality rates and significant healthcare burdens. To standardize the diagnosis and treatment of human infections with avian influenza, the National Health Commission has developed the Diagnosis and Treatment Plan for Human Infection with Avian Influenza (2024 Edition). This paper provides an analysis of the plan, addressing key aspects such as disease nomenclature, early identification, etiological diagnosis, standardized treatment, and multidisciplinary collaboration. It emphasizes the importance of a unified disease nomenclature under "human infection with avian influenza" and the critical role of epidemiological history in early diagnosis. Additionally, the paper discusses the necessity of nucleic acid testing as the definitive diagnostic standard, introduces new antiviral therapies, highlights the potential risks associated with corticosteroid use, advocates for the appropriate use of antibiotics, and underscores the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration in managing severe cases. These measures are aimed at improving the quality of diagnosis and treatment, thereby reducing the severity and mortality rates associated with human infections with avian influenza.

Key words: Avian influenza, Human infection with avian influenza virus, Diagnosis and treatment scheme, Interpretation