Abstract: Measles is an acute exanthematous respiratory disease caused by the highly contagious measles virus. Its main symptoms include fever, runny nose, cough, watery eyes, photophobia, and maculopapular rash. A small number of patients may develop complications such as pneumonia, laryngitis, otitis media, myocarditis, encephalitis, and severe cases can be fatal. Despite the widespread availability of large-scale vaccination, nearly 136,000 people still died from measles in 2022, with the majority being children under the age of five. In order to further standardize the clinical diagnosis and treatment of measles, the National Health Commission has issued the Measles Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines (2024 Edition) by integrating domestic and foreign research progress and clinical experience. This article summarizes and organizes the guidelines based on relevant research progress, covering the etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, pathological changes, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of measles, aiming to enhance understanding, improve practicality, and provide a basis and reference for clinicians in the prevention and treatment of measles.

Key words: Measles, Measles virus, Diagnosis, Treatment, Guideline interpretation