结核病母婴传播防治指南

doi:10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2026.01.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 妊娠期结核病对孕妇及胎儿/婴儿构成重大健康威胁。有效保护母婴健康、阻断结核病母婴传播是结核病防控的关键环节。然而,当前相关研究证据相对有限。为此,指南制定委员会组织结核病科、妇产科、儿科、感染科、影像科、预防保健与医院管理等领域的专家,基于循证医学原则和方法学框架,共同研讨相关诊断、处理的核心问题,旨在制定规范化的临床操作指南。指南涵盖以下关键内容：孕前结核病筛查、妊娠期结核病的诊断与治疗、新生儿结核病评估、母乳喂养管理及感染防控措施等。同时,对孕前结核潜伏感染以及拟行辅助生殖技术的不孕女性的结核病相关问题,专家组也基于收集到的证据,提供了相应的解决方案。最终,专家组达成了15条核心推荐意见,旨在为相关专业人员的规范化诊疗实践提供循证依据和决策参考。

关键词: 结核病, 母婴传播, 结核分枝杆菌感染, 辅助生殖, 防治指南

Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) during pregnancy poses a significant health threat to both the mother and the fetus/infant. Protecting maternal and child health and interrupting the mother-to-child transmission chain of TB are critical components of TB control. However, current research evidence in this field remains relatively limited. To address this gap, the guideline panel convened a multidisciplinary group of experts in tuberculosis, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, infectious diseases, imaging, preventive medicine, and hospital administration. Based on the principles of evidence-based medicine and a standardized methodological framework, the panel discussed key issues in diagnosis and clinical management, aiming to develop standardized practice recommendations. This guideline covers preconception TB screening, diagnosis and treatment of gestational TB, neonatal TB assessment, breastfeeding management, and infection prevention and control measures. The guideline also addresses TB-related considerations for women with latent TB infection (LTBI) prior to conception and infertile women undergoing assisted reproductive technologies (ART), providing evidence-based solutions where available. Through expert consensus, 15 core recommendations were formulated to provide an evidence-based reference and decision-making tool for healthcare professionals involved in TB care and maternal and child health.

Key words: Tuberculosis, Mother-to-child transmission, Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, Assisted reproductive technologies, Prevention and treatment guidelines

中图分类号:

中华医学会结核病学分会, 中国研究型医院学会结核病学专业委员会, 国家感染性疾病临床医学研究中心/深圳市第三人民医院. 结核病母婴传播防治指南[J]. 新发传染病电子杂志, 2026, 11(1): 1-12.

Chinese Society for Tuberculosis, Chinese Medical Association, Tuberculosis Professional Committee of Chinese Research Hospital Association, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases/Shenzhen Third People's Hospital. Guidelines for the prevention and management of mother-to-child transmission of tuberculosis[J]. Electronic Journal of Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2026, 11(1): 1-12.

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