推动分子检测技术的研发及应用,提升结核病主动筛查效率

doi:10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2026.01.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 结核病仍然是全球面临的重大公共卫生挑战。当前病例发现策略存在明显不足,约1/4的患者未被及时诊断。主动筛查可以发现早期、亚临床阶段以及常规医疗服务未能覆盖的患者,是实现结核病“早发现、早诊断、早治疗”的关键策略,可以弥补当前过于依赖被动发现策略的短板。因此,大力推进结核病主动筛查已成为当前全球结核病防控领域的重要趋势。为促进科学、有效的结核病主动筛查实施,作者系统梳理了当前结核病筛查的主要技术手段,重点评述新型分子检测技术在主动筛查中的应用进展,并结合不同场景的筛查应用探讨其未来发展方向。作者认为,分子检测技术凭借其高敏感度和高特异性优势,有望在提高检出率、降低疾病负担方面发挥核心作用。然而,该技术在推广过程中仍面临诸多技术与策略挑战,未来应加强针对结核病筛查场景以及针对非痰样本检测的试剂盒研发,开展前瞻性、多中心真实世界研究进行方法学和策略验证。随着相关技术持续优化与规模化应用,结核病主动筛查体系将进一步完善,病例发现能力有望实现全面提升,可以为终止结核病的实现提供关键技术支撑。

关键词: 结核病, 分子检测技术, 主动筛查, 非痰样本

Abstract: Tuberculosis remains a major global public health challenge. Current case-finding strategies have obvious shortcomings, with approximately one-fourth of patients not being diagnosed in a timely manner. Active screening can detect early-stage, subclinical patients as well as those not covered by routine medical services. It is a key strategy to achieve the "early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment" of tuberculosis, and can make up for the deficiency of the current over-reliance on passive detection strategies. Therefore, vigorously promoting active tuberculosis screening has become an important trend in the global Tuberculosis prevention and control field. To facilitate the scientific and effective implementation of active Tuberculosis screening, the authors systematically reviewed the main current technical methods for tuberculosis screening, focused on commenting on the application progress of novel Molecular diagnostic tests in active screening, and discussed their future development directions in combination with screening applications in different scenarios. The authors believe that Molecular diagnostic tests, with their advantages of high sensitivity and specificity, are expected to play a core role in improving detection rates and reducing the disease burden. However, the promotion of these technologies still faces many technical and strategic challenges. In the future, efforts should be made to strengthen the research and development of kits for tuberculosis screening scenarios and non-sputum sample testing, and conduct prospective, multi-center real-world studies for methodological and strategic verification. With the continuous optimization and large-scale application of related technologies, the active tuberculosis screening system will be further improved, and the case-finding capacity is expected to be comprehensively enhanced, which can provide key technical support for the achievement of ending tuberculosis.

Key words: Tuberculosis, Molecular diagnostic tests, Active case-finding, Non-sputum samples

中图分类号:

黄欢, 王小敏, 曾剑锋, 王瑾, 宋喆, 吴海武, 钟新光, 卢水华. 推动分子检测技术的研发及应用,提升结核病主动筛查效率[J]. 新发传染病电子杂志, 2026, 11(1): 87-96.

Huang Huan, Wang Xiaomin, Zeng Jianfeng, Wang Jin, Song Zhe, Wu Haiwu, Zhong Xinguang, Lu Shuihua. Advancing the development and implementation of Molecular diagnostic tests to enhance the efficiency for tuberculosis active case-finding[J]. Electronic Journal of Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2026, 11(1): 87-96.

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