尼帕病毒的最新研究进展

doi:10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2024.01.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 尼帕病毒是一种有包膜的多形性病毒,直径40~600nm,属于亨尼帕病毒属,副黏病毒科,单股负链RNA病毒目。病毒能引起人兽共患病,可在人际间传播,并在南亚、东南亚等地多次暴发流行。尼帕病毒主要侵害呼吸系统和中枢神经系统,引起急性发热、头痛和不同程度的意识障碍,病死率高达40%~75%。尼帕病毒已被世界卫生组织列入其重点病原体蓝图清单,作为8种最危险的病原体之一,需要监测并准备应对措施以防止大流行。然而目前尚缺乏有效的预防疫苗和特效的抗病毒药物,治疗主要依靠系统性对症支持疗法。本文就尼帕病毒在病毒学、致病机制、尼帕病毒感染的临床特征、诊断学、抗病毒药物、疫苗研发和流行病学等方面的最新研究进展展开综述,旨在为未来的研究和防控提供参考。

关键词: 尼帕病毒, 病毒学, 致病机制, 临床特征, 诊断学, 抗病毒药物, 疫苗研发, 流行病学

Abstract: Nipah virus (NiV) is an enveloped, pleomorphic virus with a diameter ranging from 40 to 600 nanometers. It belongs to the Henipavirus genus, the family Paramyxoviridae, and the order of single stranded negative strand RNA viruses. NiV is able to cause zoonotic diseases in humans and be transmitted from person-to-person, and with multiple outbreaks in South Asia, Southeast Asia. NiV primarily invades the respiratory system and central nervous system, causing acute fever, headaches and varying degrees of consciousness disorders, with a mortality rate of up to 40%-75%. Currently, NiV has been listed in the World Health Organization's Blueprint list of priority pathogens as one of the eight most dangerous pathogens, requiring monitoring and preparedness measures to prevent pandemics. However, effective vaccines and specific antiviral drugs are still lacking, and treatment mainly relies on systemic supportive therapy. This review provides a detailed overview of the latest research progress in virology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, antiviral drugs, vaccine development and epidemiology of NiV, aiming to provide references for further research, prevention and control.

Key words: Nipah virus, Virology, Pathogenesis, Clinical features, Diagnosis, Antiviral drugs, Vaccine development, Epidemiology

中图分类号:

R183

姚伟明, 王福祥, 卢洪洲. 尼帕病毒的最新研究进展[J]. 新发传染病电子杂志, 2024, 9(1): 60-66.

Yao Weiming, Wang Fuxiang, Lu Hongzhou. The latest research progress on Nipah virus: a systematic review[J]. Electronic Journal of Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2024, 9(1): 60-66.

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