Abstract: On April 15, 2025, the WHO officially released the WHO Consolidated Guidelines on Tuberculosis Module 4: Treatment and Care. This guideline represents a significant departure from the previous domain-specific guidance model. By organically integrating the treatment and care systems for tuberculosis patients, it constructs an integrated clinical practice framework. Based on three relevant guidelines issued in 2022, including WHO Consolidated Guidelines on Tuberculosis Module 4: Treatment of Drug-Susceptible Tuberculosis, WHO Consolidated Guidelines on Tuberculosis Module 4: Treatment of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (2022 Update), and WHO Consolidated Guidelines on Tuberculosis, Module 4: Tuberculosis Care and Support, this guideline systematically incorporates the latest research achievements in the field of tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment. Its core updated content focuses on the 6-month and 9-month treatment regimens for rifampicin-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis formed on the basis of two key clinical trials providing new evidence-based medical basis for the short-course treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis.For tuberculosis control workers and clinical medical staff, this guideline not only serves as an important reference for clinical decision-making and disease control but also puts forward requirements for comprehensive and in-depth thinking on its practical application. To realize the efficient implementation and innovative application of the guideline, it is necessary to thoroughly trace its practical foundation and developmental process, accurately grasp its core tenets, and flexibly apply it in combination with clinical practice. This paper intends to conduct a systematic discussion from three dimensions: interpretation of the guideline's core tenets, analysis of its practical origin, and reflections on its clinical application, aiming to provide references for tuberculosis-related workers to accurately understand and scientifically apply the guideline and help promote the achievement of the global goal of "ending tuberculosis". The practice traceability analysis of the recommended regimens will be highly beneficial for clinical applications. This paper will conduct an in depth exploration from three perspectives: the key points of the guidelines, the practice traceability, and the considerations regarding application.

Key words: Tuberculosis, Guidelines, Anti-tuberculosis treatment, Human-centered care, Social support, Practical origins