Abstract: Based on the series of annual data from the global tuberculosis reports released by the WHO between 2015 and 2025. this study analyzed the changing trends of core epidemiological indicators related to tuberculosis (TB) globally and in China from 2014 to 2024. In accordance with the preset data framework, the study extracted annual data on TB incidence count, incidence rate, mortality count, and the disease burden of multidrug/rifampicin-resistant TB (MDR/RR-TB) from the WHO global tuberculosis reports, and conducted a longitudinal comparative analysis of the above-mentioned core indicators at the global level and in China. The results showed that during the period from 2014 to 2024, the estimated global TB incidence count remained at the scale of 10 million cases, changing from approximately 9.6 million cases to around 10.7 million cases. the incidence rate decreased from about 133 per 100 000 population to 131 per 100 000 population; the number of TB-related deaths dropped from roughly 1.5 million cases to 1.23 million cases; and the estimated incidence count of MDR/RR-TB declined from about 480 000 cases to 390 000 cases. During the same period, in China, the estimated TB incidence count decreased from 889 000 cases to 696 000 cases; the incidence rate fell from around 65 per 100 000 population to about 49 per 100 000 population, with its proportion of the global incidence count dropping from 8.6% to 6.5%. The estimated incidence count of MDR/RR-TB in China also showed a downward trend (decreasing from approximately 65 000 cases in 2019 to about 28 000 cases in 2024), accounting for roughly 7.1% of the global total in 2024. In conclusion, since 2014, the overall TB incidence rate and mortality count have shown a decreasing trend both globally and in China. However, there remains a certain gap compared with the 2025 reduction targets for TB incidence and mortality set by the "End TB Strategy". Meanwhile, although the burden of TB in China has continued to ease, the country still faces considerable pressure in the prevention and control of TB and MDR/RR-TB on a global scale.

Key words: Tuberculosis, Epidemiology, Global tuberculosis report, End Tuberculosis Strategy, Longitudinal analysis