Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) has long been a major challenge to global public health, and the emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) has intensified the severity of TB. DR-TB not only threatens individual health but also imposes significant socio-economic burdens. Currently, the treatment of DR-TB remains dependent on drug therapy. Therefore, rapid, accurate, and convenient diagnostic technologies are crucial for controlling the spread of TB, particularly DR-TB. Advances of transcriptomics offer new hope for the diagnosis of DR-TB. By analyzing the molecular responses of the host to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection, researchers can identify the expression patterns of key genes. This provides new possibilities for the rapid screening and triage of DR-TB cases. Similarly, progress in radiomics has introduced new tools for the diagnosis and monitoring of TB treatment. Radiomics involves extracting high-throughput radiological features from imaging data, enabling the construction of models for diagnosis, prediction, and prognosis, as well as for studying the correlation between imaging data and clinical outcomes. Furthermore, radiogenomics integrates radiomics with genomics to explore the relationship between lesion imaging characteristics and genomic and molecular features. This integration offers innovative methods for non-invasive diagnosis, prognosis assessment, and treatment evaluation. This paper reviews the advancements in host transcriptomics, radiomics, and radiogenomics in the diagnosis and treatment of DR-TB. The aim is to provide new perspectives for research in this field and to deepen our understanding of the application of these technologies in managing DR-TB.

Key words: Host, Transcriptomics, Radiomics, Radiogenomics, Drug-resistant tuberculosis