四川省少数民族人群肺结核患者的家庭密切接触者结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染现状及影响因素分析

doi:10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2026.04.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解四川省少数民族人群肺结核患者的家庭密切接触者结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染（latent tuberculosis infection,LTBI）现状及影响因素,为制定少数民族人群LTBI干预措施提供参考。方法选取2024年6—12月成都市公共卫生临床医疗中心收治的病原学检测阳性的少数民族人群肺结核患者的密切接触者为研究对象,对其进行LTBI筛查和问卷调查,根据筛查结果分为LTBI组和非LTBI组。比较两组一般人口资料、家庭居住条件、生活习惯以及指示病例的相关临床资料,采用二元Logistic回归分析该人群发生LTBI的影响因素。结果本研究共纳入168例病原学检测阳性的少数民族肺结核患者的家庭密切接触者,LTBI率为39.3%（66/168）,仅2例（3.0%）LTBI阳性密切接触者愿意接受预防性治疗。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,从事其他职业（OR=0.160,95%CI：0.047~0.553）、失业/退休状态（OR=0.162,95%CI：0.050~0.529）是该人群发生LTBI的独立保护因素。居住面积<50m²/人（OR=4.412,95%CI：1.665~11.689）、与指示病例为直系亲属关系（OR=2.931,95%CI：1.284~6.687）、指示病例肺部空洞累及肺野>2个（OR=6.013,95%CI：1.641~22.033）是该人群发生LTBI的独立危险因素。结论四川省少数民族人群肺结核患者的家庭密切接触者LTBI率处于高水平,其预防性治疗接受度极低,结核病发病风险较高。从事其他职业或处于退休/失业状态的密切接触者发生LTBI的风险较低;而与指示病例为直系亲属关系、居住面积<50m²/人以及指示病例肺部空洞累及肺野>2个的密切接触者,其发生LTBI的风险较高,是LTBI防控的重点高危人群。

关键词: 潜伏性结核感染, 影响因素, 肺结核, 少数民族, 家庭密切接触者

Abstract: Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among household close contacts of ethnic minority patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Sichuan province, and to provide evidence for developing targeted LTBI intervention strategies for ethnic minority groups. Method Participants were household close contacts of ethnic minority patients with etiologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis admitted to Chengdu Public Health Clinical Center from June to December 2024. All participants received LTBI screening and questionnaire surveys, and were divided into LTBI group and non-LTBI group according to screening results. General demographic data, household living conditions, living habits and clinical data of index cases were compared between the two groups. Binary logistic regression model was used to analyze the independent influencing factors of LTBI. Result A total of 168 household close contacts were included. The overall LTBI prevalence was 39.3% (66/168), and only 2 (3.0%) LTBI-positive participants were willing to receive preventive treatment. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that other occupations (OR=0.160, 95%CI: 0.047-0.553) and unemployed/retired status (OR=0.162, 95%CI: 0.050-0.529) were independent protective factors against LTBI. Per capita living area less than 50m² (OR=4.412, 95%CI: 1.665-11.689), consanguineous kinship with index cases (OR=2.931, 95%CI: 1.284-6.687), and index cases with pulmonary cavities involving more than 2 lung fields (OR=6.013, 95%CI: 1.641-22.033) were independent risk factors for LTBI. Conclusion Household close contacts of ethnic minority pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Sichuan province have a high LTBI prevalence and extremely low acceptance of preventive treatment, with a high risk of active tuberculosis. Contacts engaged in other occupations or being unemployed/retired have a lower risk of LTBI. In contrast, those who are consanguineous relatives of index cases, live in per capita living space below 50 m², or have contact with index cases with pulmonary cavities involving more than 2 lung fields are at higher risk of LTBI, and should be regarded as the key high-risk population for LTBI prevention and control.

Key words: Latent tuberculosis infection, Influencing factor, Pulmonary tuberculosis, Ethnic minorities, Household close contacts

中图分类号:

R521

梁丽, 马瑶, 赖敏, 郭周莉, 吴桂辉. 四川省少数民族人群肺结核患者的家庭密切接触者结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染现状及影响因素分析[J]. 新发传染病电子杂志, 2026, 11(4): 18-23.

Liang Li, Ma Yao, Lai Min, Guo Zhouli, Wu Guihui. Prevalence and influencing factors of latent tuberculosis infection among household close contacts of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in ethnic minority populations of Sichuan province[J]. Electronic Journal of Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2026, 11(4): 18-23.

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