2023—2024年甘肃省人民医院12 508例住院患者呼吸道感染病原体流行特征分析

doi:10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2026.04.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的分析住院呼吸道感染患者的病原体分布特征,描述其在不同性别、年龄组及季节中的检出率,为本地区呼吸道感染的临床诊疗和防控提供参考依据。方法采用单中心回顾性研究方法,选取2023年1月1日至2024年12月31日期间于甘肃省人民医院住院治疗并完成呼吸道病原学检测的呼吸道感染患者作为研究对象。收集患者临床资料及病原学检测结果,统计病原体检出率等,并从性别、年龄、季节分布及混合感染率分析病原体流行分布特征。结果本研究共纳入呼吸道感染住院患者12 508例,其中男性7088例（56.7%）,女性5420例（43.3%）,男女性别比为1.31∶1。检出率排名前3位的病原体分别为肺炎支原体（mycoplasma pneumoniae,MP）6121例（48.8%）、甲型流感病毒（influenza A virus,IAV）4436例（35.4%）和乙型流感病毒（influenza B virus,IBV）4239例（33.9%）;单一感染5631例,占比45%,混合感染6877例,占比55%,IAV+IBV+MP为最常见共感染组合,达1155例,占混合感染病例的16.8%。结论 2023—2024年甘肃省人民医院住院呼吸道感染的12 508例患者中,肺炎支原体为最常见病原体,其次为甲型流感病毒和乙型流感病毒,且混合感染较为常见。

关键词: 呼吸道感染, 病原体, 流行特征, 回顾性研究

Abstract: Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics of pathogens in hospitalized patients with respiratory tract infections, describe their detection status across different genders, groups, and seasons, and provide a reference for the clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prevention and control of respiratory tract infections in this region. Method In this single-center retrospective study, we enrolled hospitalized patients with respiratory tract infections who underwent pathogen testing at Gansu Provincial People's Hospital from January 1, 2023 to December 31, 2024. Clinical and etiological data were collected to calculate detection rates and to analyze the epidemiological features of pathogens by sex, age, season, and co-infection status. Result A total of 12 508 hospitalized patients with respiratory tract infections were included in this study, of whom 7088 were male (56.7%) and 5420 were female (43.3%), with a male-to-female ratio of 1.31∶1. The top three pathogens by detection rate were mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) with 6121 cases (48.8%), influenza (IAV) with 4436 cases (35.4%), and influenza B virus (IBV) with 4239 cases (33.9%). There were 5631 cases of single infection (45%) and 6877 cases of mixed infection (55%), with IAV IBV MP being the common co-infection combination, accounting for 1155 cases (16.8% of mixed infection cases). Conclusion Among the 12 508 hospitalized patients with respiratory infections at Gansu Provincial People's Hospital between 2023 and 2024, Mycoplasma pneumoniae was the most common pathogen, followed by influenza A virus and influenza B virus; mixed infections were also relatively prevalent.

Key words: Respiratory tract infection, Pathogen, Epidemiological characteristics, Retrospective study

中图分类号:

R181.3

申席文, 贾丽娜, 田悦由, 刘宗霖, 刘婷, 虎维东. 2023—2024年甘肃省人民医院12 508例住院患者呼吸道感染病原体流行特征分析[J]. 新发传染病电子杂志, 2026, 11(4): 49-56.

Shen Xiwen, Jia Lina, Tian Yueyou, Liu Zonglin, Liu Ting, Hu Weidong. Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory tract infection pathogens among 12 508 inpatients at Gansu Provincial People's Hospital during 2023-2024[J]. Electronic Journal of Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2026, 11(4): 49-56.

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