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新发传染病电子杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (2): 61-65.doi: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2026.02.012

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

2019—2025年雅安市肺结核流行病学特征及空间聚集性分析

冯燕娥, 魏余琴   

  1. 雅安市疾病预防控制中心结麻科,四川 雅安 625000
  • 收稿日期:2026-02-25 出版日期:2026-04-30 发布日期:2026-05-18
  • 通讯作者: 冯燕娥,Email:595406654@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    2025年重大公共卫生服务中央补助资金项目(川财社〔2024〕137号)

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics and spatial clustering of pulmonary tuberculosis in Ya'an city from 2019 to 2025

Feng Yan'e, Wei Yuqin   

  1. Tuberculosis and Leprosy Department, Ya'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Ya'an 625000, China
  • Received:2026-02-25 Online:2026-04-30 Published:2026-05-18

摘要: 目的 分析2019—2025年雅安市肺结核流行病学特征及空间聚集性,为优化肺结核防控策略提供参考。方法 依据2019—2025年肺结核监测数据,描述其流行病学特征。采用Joinpoint回归模型分析报告发病率和病原学阳性率的时间变化趋势。运用空间自相关分析识别发病聚集区和聚集类型。结果 2019—2025年雅安市累计报告肺结核病例4526例,年均报告发病率为44.16/10万;病原学阳性病例3034例,年均病原学阳性率为67.03%。报告发病率总体呈下降趋势(AAPC=-3.866%,P<0.05),病原学阳性率总体呈上升趋势(AAPC=11.677%,P<0.05)。男性报告发病率(62.35/10万)显著高于女性(25.82/10万),差异有统计学意义(χ2=774.294,P<0.05);≥60岁人群年均报告发病率最高(74.05/10万),且下降趋势无统计学意义(χ2趋势=0.350,P>0.05);农民在肺结核病例中的构成比最高(68.10%),其次为家务及待业人员(14.60%),不同职业病例构成比差异有统计学意义(χ2=6696.304,P<0.05)。空间分析显示,肺结核报告发病率呈动态变化,2024年空间聚集性显著,但未能形成持续稳定的“高-高”聚集区。结论 2019—2025年雅安市肺结核疫情整体呈下降态势,2024年发病存在明显空间聚集性,但无持续稳定高发区域,应针对男性、≥60岁、农民等重点人群精准防控,有效降低肺结核疫情。

关键词: 肺结核, 流行病学特征, 空间聚集性, 空间自相关分析, Joinpoint回归模型, 雅安市

Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and spatial clustering of pulmonary tuberculosis in Ya'an City from 2019 to 2025, so as to provide evidence for optimizing prevention and control strategies. Method Based on the surveillance data of pulmonary tuberculosis from 2019 to 2025, the epidemiological characteristics were described. The Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the temporal trends of the reported incidence rate and etiological positive rate. Spatial autocorrelation analysis was applied to identify the clustering areas and types of cases. Result A total of 4,526 pulmonary tuberculosis cases were reported in Ya'an City from 2019 to 2025, with an average annual reported incidence rate of 44.16 per 100 000 population; there were 3,034 etiologically positive cases, with an average annual etiological positive rate of 67.03%. The overall reported incidence rate showed a downward trend (AAPC=-3.866%, P<0.05), while the overall etiological positive rate showed an upward trend (AAPC = 11.677%, P<0.05). The reported incidence rate of males (62.35 per 100 000 population) was significantly higher than that of females (25.82 per 100 000 population), with a statistically significant difference (χ2=774.294, P<0.05). The elderly aged ≥60 years had the highest average annual reported incidence rate (74.05 per 100 000 population), with no statistically significant downward trend (χ2trend=0.350, P>0.05). Farmers accounted for the highest proportion (68.10%) in pulmonary tuberculosis cases, followed by homemakers and unemployed people (14.60%), and there was a statistically significant difference in the proportion of cases among different occupations (χ2=6696.304, P<0.05). Spatial analysis revealed that the reported incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis fluctuated dynamically, with significant spatial clustering in 2024, yet no sustained and stable "high-high" clustering areas were formed. Conclusion The overall epidemic of pulmonary tuberculosis in Ya'an City showed a downward trend from 2019 to 2025, with obvious spatial clustering of cases in 2024 but no persistent high-incidence areas. Targeted prevention and control should be implemented for key populations such as males, people aged ≥60 years and farmers to effectively reduce the tuberculosis epidemic.

Key words: Pulmonary tuberculosis, Epidemiology characteristics, Spatial clustering, Spatial autocorrelation analysis, Joinpoint regression model, Ya'an city

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