内蒙古自治区布鲁氏菌病流行病学现状、诊断挑战及防控策略研究进展

doi:10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2026.02.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 布鲁氏菌病是全球重大人畜共患病,对公共卫生和畜牧业构成持续威胁。内蒙古自治区是我国布鲁氏菌病的疫情高发地区,2023年报告病例数占全国总数的23.3%（16 409例）,发病率达68.34/10万,是全国平均水平的13倍。本综述围绕内蒙古自治区布鲁氏菌病的流行病学现状、诊断挑战及防控策略展开系统梳理。在流行病学方面,重点分析了内蒙古布鲁氏菌病的发病率、空间分布特点以及慢性化率、并发症等临床特征。在诊断挑战部分,总结了基层诊断能力不足、检测时效性低、慢性感染确诊困难等现实问题。在防控策略方面,重点阐述了内蒙古近年推行的分级精准防控、快速诊断技术应用、多部门协同信息共享、扑杀补偿与保险结合,以及蒙西医协同诊疗等综合措施,这些举措显著缩短确诊时间、降低慢性化率,形成了“早发现-精干预-智防控”的本地化范式。因此,内蒙古自治区的防控实践可为我国其他资源有限地区的布鲁氏菌病防控工作提供参考;形成的一些技术与协作机制,对于推动类似疫情从高位平台期向稳定控制期过渡提供参考。

关键词: 布鲁氏菌病, 流行病学, 诊断挑战, 防控策略, 人畜共患病, 内蒙古

Abstract: Brucellosis is a major global zoonotic disease, posing a continuous threat to public health and animal husbandry. The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is the core epidemic area of brucellosis in China, with reported cases in 2023 accounting for 23.3% of the national total (16 409 cases) and an incidence rate of 68.34 per 100 000, which is 13 times the national average, indicating a severe epidemic situation. This review systematically summarizes the epidemiological status, diagnostic challenges, and strategic prospects of brucellosis in Inner Mongolia. Regarding the epidemiological status, it focuses on the high incidence rate, spatial distribution characteristics, and clinical features such as high chronicity and multiple complications. In terms of diagnostic challenges, it summarizes practical issues such as insufficient diagnostic capacity at the grassroots level, low timeliness of testing, and difficulty in confirming chronic infections. For strategic prospects, it highlights comprehensive measures implemented in Inner Mongolia in recent years, including tiered precise prevention and control, application of rapid diagnostic technologies, multi-departmental collaborative information sharing, integration of culling compensation with insurance, and coordinated diagnosis and treatment between modern and Mongolian medicine. These measures have significantly shortened the time to diagnosis and reduced the chronicity rate, forming a localized model of "early detection-precise intervention-intelligent prevention and control". Therefore, the prevention and control practices in Inner Mongolia may provide a reference for brucellosis control in other resource-limited regions of China. Some specific technical and collaborative mechanisms developed in this context may offer useful insights for transitioning similar epidemics from a high-level plateau to a stable control phase.

Key words: Brucellosis, Epidemiology, Diagnostic challenges, Prevention and control strategies, Zoonotic disease, Inner Mongolia region

中图分类号:

R183
R44

张丽慧, 苏宇, 靖瑞峰. 内蒙古自治区布鲁氏菌病流行病学现状、诊断挑战及防控策略研究进展[J]. 新发传染病电子杂志, 2026, 11(2): 76-82.

Zhang Lihui, Su Yu, Jing Ruifeng. Research progress on epidemiological status, diagnostic challenges and prevention and control strategies of brucellosis in Inner Mongolia Region[J]. Electronic Journal of Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2026, 11(2): 76-82.

参考文献

[1] 齐东伟. 布鲁氏菌病流行病学、临床诊断及防治措施[J]. 中国动物保健, 2023, 25(7): 3-4.
[2] LAINE CG, JOHNSON VE, SCOTT HM, et al.Global estimate of human brucellosis incidence[J]. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2023, 29(9): 1789.
[3] SIMPSON G, THOMPSON PN, SAEGERMAN C, et al.Brucellosis in wildlife in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Sci Rep, 2021, 11(1):5960.
[4] ALI SOBHY D, ALYAA E, MOHAMED N, et al.Brucellae as resilient intracellular pathogens: epidemiology, host-pathogen interaction, recent genomics and proteomics approaches, and future perspectives[J]. Front Vet Sci, 2023, 10:1255239.
[5] ABDUL SAK, SHIRWANY,MM, AWAIS,SM, et al.A Snapshot of Brucellosis as an Occupational Health Hazard in Animal Handlers of an Agroecological Zone of Southern Punjab, Pakistan[J]. J Agromedicine, 2025, 31: 30-43.
[6] HUSSAM AN, ALAA AD, MAHA A, et al.Exploring the Complex Landscape of Spine Brucellosis[J]. Cureus, 2024, 16(1):e51761
[7] 汪洁英, 宁博, 景伟, 等. 布鲁氏菌病及其在我国的防控现状与建议[J]. 中国兽医科学, 2022, 52(12): 1578-1585.
[8] ABBAS P, SIMA M, RAHIM NEJAD R, MOHAMMAD H.Research mapping and comparative assessment of drug treatment regimens for brucellosis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis[J]. BMC Infect Dis, 2025, 25(1): 1308.
[9] 唐玉伟, 王一佳, 高嘉妮, 等. 布鲁氏菌病的防治方法研究进展[J]. 中国兽医杂志, 2024, 60(11): 98-106.
[10] 农业部, 国家卫生计生委. 国家布鲁氏菌病防治计划(2016-2020年)[EB/OL]. (2016-09-08). 广东畜牧兽医科技, 2016, 41(5): 46-50.
[11] 农业农村部. 畜间布鲁氏菌病防控五年行动方案(2022-2026年)[J]. 新疆畜牧业, 2023, 39(5): 4-6.
[12] 王妙, 郑灿军, 刘志国, 等. 2004-2023年内蒙古自治区人间布鲁氏菌病时空分布特征分析[J]. 疾病监测, 2025, 40(3): 358-364.
[13] 朱新文, 洪志敏, 高永明, 等. 2021—2023内蒙古自治区布鲁氏菌病流行特征与影响因素分析[J]. 现代预防医学, 2024, 51(24): 4423-4428, 4479.
[14] 刘丹, 李菁雯, 延涵, 等. 2018—2020年内蒙古畜牧从业人员布鲁氏菌病首诊阳性病例分析[J]. 中国兽医杂志, 2023, 59(12): 144-152.
[15] 李莎, 李倩, 韦晓宏, 等. 广西南宁地区44例布鲁菌病临床流行病学特征分析[J/CD]. 新发传染病电子杂志, 2021, 6(3): 238-241.
[16] 刘维俊, 徐国英, 曾志伟, 等. 福建省2023年布鲁氏菌病流行病学特征及血清学监测结果分析[J]. 海峡预防医学杂志, 2025, 31(1): 1-3, 8.
[17] 洪劲, 余静, 杨倩, 等. 昆明市2005-2018年人间布鲁氏菌病流行特征分析[J]. 中国地方病防治, 2020, 35(5): 543-544, 547.
[18] 布鲁菌病误诊原因分析及防范措施[J]. 临床误诊误治, 2021, 34(5): 117.
[19] 张伟, 刘岩, 张志龙, 等. 内蒙古地区农牧民布病防治知识及高危行为调查[J]. 华南预防医学, 2020, 46(3): 257-259.
[20] 杨苒, 志强, 刘丽丽, 等. 2015—2023年内蒙古自治区职业人群布鲁菌接触危害因素监测情况分析[J]. 中国地方病防治, 2024, 39(6): 476-478.
[21] 刘志国, 王妙, 赵鸿雁, 等. 内蒙古羊种布鲁氏菌传播模式调查研究[J]. 中国人兽共患病学报, 2019, 35(5): 465-471.
[22] JIA P, JOYNER A.Human brucellosis occurrences in inner mongolia, China: a spatio-temporal distribution and ecological niche modeling approach[J]. BMC Infect Dis, 2015, 15: 1-16.
[23] 康育慧, 崔咏梅, 曹文君. 2011-2017年我国人间布鲁氏菌病发病的长期趋势和季节性研究[J]. 中国卫生统计, 2018, 35(6): 895-897.
[24] DOGANAY M, AYGEN B.Human brucellosis: an overview[J]. Int J Infect Dis, 2003, 7(3): 173-182.
[25] MASOODI I.Multi-organ dysfunction syndrome as the first presentation of acute brucellosis, a case report and literature review[J]. Sahel Med J, 2018, 21(4): 222-226.
[26] XIAOAN C, PING L, JINYAN W, et al.Genome phylogenetic analysis of Brucella melitensis in Northwest China[J]. BMC Microbiol, 2025, 25(1): 208.
[27] LIANG D, LIU D, YANG M, et al.Spatiotemporal distribution of human brucellosis in Inner Mongolia, China, in 2010-2015, and influencing factors[J]. Sci Rep, 2021, 11(1): 24213.
[28] KHURANA SK, SEHRAWAT A, TIWARI R, et al.Bovine brucellosis-a comprehensive review[J]. Vet Q, 2021, 41(1): 61-88.
[29] YOUNG EJ.An overview of human brucellosis[J]. Clin Infect Dis, 1995, 21(2): 283-289.
[30] GUL S, KHAN A.Epidemiology and epizootology of brucellosis: a review[J]. Pak Vet J, 2007, 27(3): 145.
[31] GUO J, ZHU J, ZHAO T, et al.Survival characteristics and transcriptome profiling reveal the adaptive response of the Brucella melitensis 16M biofilm to osmotic stress[J]. Front Microbiol, 2022, 13: 968592.
[32] 田雅昕, 王妙, 李振军, 等. 2004-2021年内蒙古自治区乌兰察布市布鲁氏菌病流行病学及菌株分子特征分析[J]. 疾病监测, 2022, 37(11): 1462-1466.
[33] LIU ZG, WANG M, TA N, et al.Seroprevalence of human brucellosis and molecular characteristics of Brucella strains in Inner Mongolia Autonomous region of China, from 2012 to 2016[J]. Emerg Microbes Infect, 2020, 9(1): 263-274.
[34] MA SY, LIU Z G, ZHU X, et al.Molecular epidemiology of Brucella abortus strains from cattle in Inner Mongolia, China[J]. Prev Vet Med, 2020, 183: 105080.
[35] ERSOY Y, SONMEZ E, TEVFIK MR, BUT AD.Comparison of three different combination therapies in the treatment of human brucellosis[J]. Trop Doct, 2005, 35(4): 210-212.
[36] QURESHI KA, PARVEZ A, FAHMY NA, et al.Brucellosis: epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment-a comprehensive review[J]. Ann Med, 2023, 55(2): 2295398.
[37] 张亚楠, 张亚慧, 杨佳欣, 等. 不同血清学检测方法在人布鲁氏菌病诊断中应用价值比较[J]. 大医生, 2022, 7(24): 124-127.
[38] 宋伟宜, 崔栩雯, 韩林晓, 等. 布鲁氏菌病常用血清学初筛检测方法差异性分析[J]. 兽医导刊, 2024(4): 1-4.
[39] 李俊林, 王丽娜, 张晓琴. 布鲁氏菌性脊柱炎影像模式及特征分析[J/CD]. 新发传染病电子杂志, 2021, 6(4): 331-335.
[40] 赵娜娜, 张美刚, 陈湘磊, 等. 布鲁氏菌性脊柱炎危险因素分析[J]. 中国人兽共患病学报, 2025, 41(3): 284-289.
[41] 张蕾, 曲静琦, 崔跃强, 等. 外周性骨关节布鲁氏菌病的临床特点及MRI分析[J]. 继续医学教育, 2024, 38(12): 172-176.
[42] 段治宇, 王勇, 李鸿斌. 布鲁氏菌病关节炎的研究进展[J]. 内蒙古医科大学学报, 2020, 42(1): 109-112.
[43] PABUCCUOGLU O, ECEMIS T.Evaluation of serological tests for diagnosis of brucellosis[J]. Jpn J Infect Dis, 2011, 64(4): 272-276.
[44] 关娜, 塔娜, 姜海, 等. 微量凝集试验与试管凝集试验检测布鲁氏菌病效果比较[J]. 疾病监测, 2025, 40(3): 371-375.
[45] 尉瑞平, 宋利桃, 米景川, 等. 酶联免疫吸附试验检测IgG在布鲁氏菌病病例诊断中的应用[J]. 疾病监测, 2011, 26(12): 997-998.
[46] 李树军, 张玉龙, 马龙, 等. 虎红平板凝集试验、标准试管凝集试验、酶联免疫吸附方法在布鲁氏菌病中检测的特性及诊断效能[J]. 中国热带医学, 2022, 22(11): 1078-1081.
[47] 塔娜, 米景川, 范蒙光, 等. 胶体金法在内蒙古布鲁氏菌病病区的试验[J]. 医学动物防制, 2014, 30(2): 225-226.
[48] 陈珍珍, 赵越, 王占黎, 等. 自制胶体金试剂盒对布鲁氏菌病的诊断效果评价[J]. 现代预防医学, 2016, 43(15): 2802-2805.
[49] KALTUNGO B, SAIDU S, SACKEY A, KAZEEM H.A review on diagnostic techniques for brucellosis[J]. Afr J Biotechnol, 2014, 13(1).
[50] BECKER GN, TUON FF.Comparative study of IS711 and bcsp31-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the diagnosis of human brucellosis in whole blood and serum samples[J]. J Microbiol Methods, 2021, 183: 106182.
[51] 董浩, 原霖, 赵明海, 等. 鉴别布鲁菌S2疫苗株的双重实时荧光PCR方法的建立与应用[J]. 中国兽医学报, 2021, 41(12): 2399-2403, 2420.
[52] 尹松涛, 李俊林, 张晓琴, 等. 布氏菌病影像学研究进展[J/CD]. 新发传染病电子杂志, 2023, 8(2): 86-90.
[53] 李星男, 王占黎, 海军, 等. 蒙医联合中西医治疗布鲁氏菌病疗效分析[J]. 包头医学院学报, 2023, 39(5): 34-37, 60.
[54] 焉鑫, 刘玉宁, 孙明军, 等. 当前全球布病流行情况、防控挑战及策略展望[J]. 中国兽医杂志, 2025, 61(8): 8-14.
[55] 党生, 程大伟, 刘长民, 等. 布鲁氏菌病核酸检测技术研究新进展[J]. 内蒙古民族大学学报(自然科学版), 2023, 38(5): 468-475.
[56] 穆嘉明, 毛晓伟, 石雅琴, 等. 布氏杆菌S2疫苗株特有基因trbJ的LAMP检测方法建立[J]. 畜牧与兽医, 2021, 53(11): 80-84.
[57] 王锐, 王占黎, 丁海涛, 等. 布鲁氏菌主要外膜蛋白特征及其应用研究进展[J]. 包头医学院学报, 2022, 38(1): 92-96.
[58] 翟景波. 布病诊断鉴别技术的开发与应用[D]. 通辽: 内蒙古民族大学, 2023.
[59] 高登军, 郭宇, 陈广林, 等. 阿拉善盟骆驼布鲁氏菌病血清学检测方法的比较[J]. 兽医导刊, 2023(3): 23-26.
[60] 汤旭, 肖迪, 张慧芳, 等. MALDI-TOF-MS鉴定布鲁氏菌方法建立和评价[J]. 中国人兽共患病学报, 2016, 32(9): 772-778.
[61] LU J, PANG M, YUN Q, et al.Untargeted metabolomics methods to study the pattern of metabolites in the serum of brucellosis patients[J]. Chin J Endemiol, 2024: 87-93.
[62] 翟景波. 蒙西药联合调节免疫治疗慢性布鲁菌病的效果研究[D]. 通辽: 内蒙古民族大学, 2022.