Clinical characteristics of 287 cases of HIV/AIDS with sputum-negative and sputum-positive pulmonary tuberculosis

doi:10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2023.02.009

Abstract

Abstract: Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of HIV/AIDS patients with sputum-negative and sputum-positive pulmonary tuberculosis. Method The clinical data of 99 patients with sputum-negative pulmonary tuberculosis and 188 HIV/AIDS patients with sputum-positive pulmonary tuberculosis were collected and retrospectively analyzed. Result The incidence rates of delay in first seeking care and delay in diagnosis were 68.1% and 88.8% in the sputum-positive group, respectively, which were higher than those of in the sputum-negative group (48.5% and 83.8%); the difference in delay in first seeking care was significant (P<0.05). The delay in diagnosis (health system delay) in the sputum-negative group was greater than that in the sputum-positive group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The sputum-positive group had significantly greater rates of cough and weight loss than the sputum-negative group (P<0.05). In the positive-group, patients with more than 3 lung fields involved accounted for 53.7%, a significantly higher proportion than that in the sputum-negative group (40.4%)(P<0.05). The incidence rates of hypochromica and hypoproteinemia were 72.9% and 85.1% in the sputum-positive group; these rates were higher than those in the sputum-negative group (65.6% and 74.7%). The incidence rates of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculous meningitis in the sputum-negative group (67.7% and 26.3%) were significantly higher than those in the sputum-positive group (51.1% and 11.2%) (P<0.05). Conclusion There were diagnostic delays in both the sputum-positive group and the sputum-negative group. The sputum examination of tuberculosis should be improved in HIV/AIDS patients when chest imaging or blood indicators are abnormal, especially in patients with malnutrition and hypoproteinemia. The incidence rates of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculous meningitis were high in HIV/AIDS patients in the sputum-negative group. Screening for extrapulmonary tuberculosis in HIV/AIDS patients should be improved.

Key words: Human immunodeficiency virus, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, Tuberculosis, Delayed of diagnosis, Clinical features

CLC Number:

R512.91

Yang Honghong, Zeng Qin, Wu Yushan, Liu Qian, Li Mingjun, Liu Min, Su Shifang. Clinical characteristics of 287 cases of HIV/AIDS with sputum-negative and sputum-positive pulmonary tuberculosis[J]. Electronic Journal of Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2023, 8(2): 45-48.

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