Current Issue

2026 Vol.11 No.2 Published:30 April 2026

Original Articles

The application value of rifapentine blood concentration monitoring in the intervention treatment of latent tuberculosis in children Zhang Yaxi, Li Jing, Yang Qianting, Wang Min, Chen Qi 2026, 11 (2):  1-5.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2026.02.001 Abstract ( 41)    PDF (782KB) ( 26 )    Objective To evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of blood concentration monitoring of rifapentine in the intervention treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in children, in order to ensure medication safety and reduce adverse reactions of children's medication. Method A total of 110 children with latent tuberculosis infection who received preventive interventional treatment at Shenzhen Third People's Hospital between January 2023 and December 2024 were enrolled, and their rifapentine plasma concentrations were detected and analyzed by two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography. Plasma drug concentrations at 1h, 2h, 4h, and 6h under steady-state conditions were collected. Combined with the dosage regimen, demographic characteristics (age, gender, weight) and laboratory test results, the plasma drug concentration after 2h of medication was investigated, and its correlation with gender, age, weight and other factors in tolerance risk was discussed. Result The proportions of subjects whose rifapentine concentrations fell within the therapeutic window (8-30 μg/ml) at 1h, 2h, 4h, and 6h were 71.81%, 88.18%, 81.81%, and 73.63%, respectively, and the plasma drug concentrations at all time points were mainly within the therapeutic window. The proportion of 2h drug concentration in the treatment window was significantly higher than that of the other three, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=13.74, P<0.001; χ2=4.29, P<0.05; χ2=11.72, P<0.001). Further analysis showed that among the influencing factors leading to 2h plasma drug concentration below the therapeutic range, the concentration in males was slightly lower than that in females, but the difference was not statistically significant (χ2=0.002, P>0.05). The difference between age group (χ2=4.130, P<0.05) and weight group (χ2=4.472, P<0.05) was statistically significant. Conclusion Through therapeutic drug monitoring of rifapentine in children with latent tuberculosis infection, the plasma drug concentration of most children reaches the therapeutic window at 2h after administration, and no increase in the incidence of adverse reactions or abnormalities in laboratory indicators is observed. This method is conducive to achieving precise drug administration and individualized treatment, thereby improving clinical efficacy and medication safety.

Risk assessment of pulmonary ventilation dysfunction in post-tuberculosis patients: a cross-sectional survey based on the community population in Shenzhen Lu Chunrong, Ji Lecai, Zhuo Zhipeng, Tan Weiguo, Fang Zihao, Guan Hongyun 2026, 11 (2):  6-10.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2026.02.002 Abstract ( 26)    PDF (750KB) ( 16 )    Objective To investigate the status of pulmonary ventilation dysfunction among community residents aged ≥40 years with prior pulmonary tuberculosis in Shenzhen, and to provide a reference basis for the early intervention of pulmonary ventilation dysfunction. Method Through multi-stage stratified cluster sampling, 4157 residents aged≥40 years were selected from 36 community survey sites in Shenzhen for questionnaire survey and pulmonary function tests, from September 2018 to June 2019. The demographic characteristics of the survey subjects were described as frequency and percentage. Their pulmonary ventilation function was further analyzed. Result A total of 3591 residents completed the questionnaire and pulmonary function tests. Among them, 66 participants had a history of pulmonary tuberculosis. The prevalence of pulmonary ventilation dysfunction in this group was 21.21% (14/66), which was significantly higher than that in participants without a history of pulmonary tuberculosis (11.55%, 407/3525; χ2= 5.85, P<0.05). Among participants with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis who had pulmonary ventilation dysfunction, 42.86% (6/14) had moderate or severe dysfunction, compared with 37.35% (152/407) in those without a history of pulmonary tuberculosis; the difference was not statistically significant (χ2= 2.22, P>0.05). Conclusion The subjects with prior pulmonary tuberculosis are more likely to have pulmonary ventilation dysfunction. For those with prior pulmonary tuberculosis, it is recommended to complete pulmonary function examination as soon as possible, to evaluate their lung condition. The early intervention can delay the occurrence of pulmonary ventilation dysfunction, and prevent the occurrence of post-tuberculosis pulmonary disease.

Application value of CT signs combined with routine blood parameters in the differential diagnosis of brucella spondylitis and pyogenic spondylitis Pu Ying, Qi Min, Wei Jialu, Gan Wei, Xiao Fang, Cun Xinhua, li Xiang 2026, 11 (2):  11-16.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2026.02.003 Abstract ( 41)    PDF (1372KB) ( 22 )    Objective To explore the differential diagnostic value of CT findings combined with some routine blood parameters in brucella spondylitis (BS) and pyogenic spondylitis (PS), and to provide a reference basis for clinicians to accurately distinguish between the two diseases and optimize diagnosis and treatment plans. Method The clinical and CT imaging data of BS and PS patients diagnosed by pathology and etiology in the Third People's Hospital of Kunming City from January 2022 to December 2024 were retrospectively collected, and the differences of CT signs and peripheral blood leukocyte count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, eosinophil count and basophil count between the two groups were compared. The indexes with statistical significance between groups were screened out, binary Logistic regression was performed on them, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn by using the predictive probability values calculated by regression equations to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of CT imaging signs combined with some routine blood parameters for BS and PS. Result In total, 50 patients were included in the BS group and 40 patients in the PS group. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of bony destruction of spinal appendages, bone destruction centered on the intervertebral disc, loss of vertebral height, lace-like vertebral sign, white blood cell count, neutrophil count, and lymphocyte count (all P<0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that the lace-like vertebra sign(OR=0.128,95%CI:0.042-0.387), vertebral height loss(OR=10.651,95%CI:2.845-39.869), and elevated peripheral blood neutrophil count(OR=3.211,95%CI:1.132-9.107) were independent predictive factors for the differential diagnosis of BS and PS. When CT imaging reveals the lace-like vertebral sign, with no vertebral height loss and no elevation of the peripheral blood neutrophil count, the diagnosis is suggestive of BS. Conversely, in the absence of the lace-like vertebral sign, accompanied by vertebral height loss and an elevated peripheral blood neutrophil count, the diagnosis is suggestive of PS. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for differentiating BS from PS by combining lace-like vertebral sign, loss of vertebral height, and elevated neutrophil count was 0.833 (95%CI:0.749-0.916), with a sensitivity of 82.0% and a specificity of 70.0%. Conclusion Combined assessment of the lace-like vertebral sign, vertebral height loss and elevated peripheral blood neutrophil count yields high diagnostic value for the differentiation between BS and PS, and can provide an important reference basis for their accurate clinical differentiation.

Application value of CT and MRI T2WI radiomics combined with clinical features in differential diagnosis of brucellar spondylitis and pyogenic spondylitis Xing Jiakai, Liu Yu, Yan Xin, Li Junlin, Zhao Jianhua 2026, 11 (2):  17-23.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2026.02.004 Abstract ( 35)    PDF (2023KB) ( 17 )    Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of Logistic regression (LR) and support vector machines (SVM) models, constructed based on radiomic features from CT and MRI T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) combined with clinical features in the differential diagnosis between brucella spondylitis (BS) and pyogenic spondylitis (PS). Method Patients diagnosed with BS or PS by etiology or pathology who underwent both CT and MRI T2WI examinations at Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital from January 2017 to August 2025 were retrospectively collected. Patients were randomly divided into a training set (n=70, 37 BS cases, 33 PS cases) and a test set (n=30, 16 BS cases, 14 PS cases) at a ratio of 7:3. Univariate and multivariate LR were used to screen clinical risk factors, and a clinical model was established accordingly. The involved vertebral bodies were delineated on CT and MRI T2WI images for radiomic features extraction. Key features were selected from the training set by statistical testing, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression, and cross-validation to calculate radiomic scores (radscore, RS), thus establishing a dual-modal radiomic model of CT-MRI. Clinical features were fused with RS, and combined clinical-radiomic models were established using LR and SVM, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic curves of each model were plotted, and the diagnostic efficacy was evaluated by indicators such as the area under the curve (AUC). The Delong test was used to compare the differences in AUC values among the models. Result bony destruction of spinal appendages and paraspinal abscess were key clinical features for differentiating BS from PS. The clinical feature model showed AUCs of 0.718 (training set) and 0.612 (test set). A total of 1409 radiomic features were extracted from CT and MRI T2WI images respectively; after feature selection, 10 key CT features and 5 key MRI T2WI features were retained, and the radiomic model achieved AUCs of 0.897 (training set) and 0.732 (test set). For the combined clinical-radiomic models, the LR model had AUCs of 0.901 (training set) and 0.781 (test set), while the SVM model had AUCs of 0.902 (training set) and 0.777 (test set). Delong test indicated no statistically significant differences in diagnostic efficacy between the LR model and SVM model(P>0.05). Conclusion LR and SVM models based on CT and MRI T2WI radiomics combined with clinical features show favorable differential diagnostic performance for BS and PS, and can provide a non-invasive reference for clinical differentiation.

Epidemiological characteristics and determinants of healthcare-associated infections due to multidrug-resistant organisms Yao Chenghong, Duan Kaiyue, Liu Bianye, Quan Fugui, Zhang Xiaoliang, Feng YuJuan, Yao Ziyan, Li Shuhua, Zhang Haojun 2026, 11 (2):  24-29.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2026.02.005 Abstract ( 31)    PDF (767KB) ( 12 )    Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics and risk factors of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) in hospital infections, and to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of MDRO hospital infections. Method A total of 545 patients with hospital-acquired infections in Qingyang People's Hospital from January 1, 2023 to December 31, 2024 were selected as the research subjects. Among them, 91 patients with MDRO infections confirmed by etiology were assigned to the case group. A 1:2 matched case-control study design was adopted, and 182 patients without MDRO infections were matched by age, gender, department, and admission time to form the control group. The chi-square test was used for univariate analysis, and the conditional Logistic regression model was applied to screen independent risk factors with matching factors (age, gender, department, and admission time) as stratification variables. Result A total of 545 cases of hospital-acquired infections were included, among which 91 cases were caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria, accounting for 16.69% (91/545). The main MDRO strains causing hospital-acquired infections were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Staphylococcus aureus, with sputum specimens being the most common (37.36%). The high-incidence department was the comprehensive ICU (25.27%). Multivariate analysis showed that anemia (OR=2.803, 95%CI: 1.416-5.551), use of ≥ 3 types of antibiotics (OR=2.397, 95%CI: 1.282-4.483), history of pulmonary infection (OR=2.569, 95%CI: 1.327-4.976), and previous ICU stay (OR=2.436, 95%CI: 1.242-4.779) were associated with an increased risk of MDRO hospital-acquired infections (P<0.05). Conclusion In tertiary hospitals, MDRO infections are mainly caused by Gram-negative bacteria, with the comprehensive ICU being a high-risk area. Anemia, use of multiple types of antibiotics, history of pulmonary infection, and ICU stay are core risk factors. Stratified prevention and control strategies should be developed to effectively reduce the incidence of MDRO hospital-acquired infections.

An analysis of clinical features in 20 cases of esophageal tuberculosis Li Dongmei, Lai Min, Chen Hongde, Yao Xiaojun, Gao Jingtao 2026, 11 (2):  30-34.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2026.02.006 Abstract ( 29)    PDF (1002KB) ( 20 )    Objective This study aims to analyze and summarize the clinical features of esophageal tuberculosis patients, thereby providing a reference basis for the early identification, diagnosis and treatment of esophageal tuberculosis. Method A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data from 20 patients diagnosed with and treated for esophageal tuberculosis at Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu between January 2019 and December 2024. Data on demographic characteristics, clinical symptoms, underlying diseases and comorbidities, imaging findings, endoscopic examinations and observations, and pathological results were systematically collected through the hospital's electronic medical record system to analyze the clinical features of the patients. Result The main clinical manifestations of the 20 patients with esophageal tuberculosis were retrosternal pain (9 patients), dysphagia (7 patients), anorexia (5 patients), and cervical masses (4 patients). Of note, 6 patients presented with no gastrointestinal symptoms. On computed tomography, common radiographic features included esophageal wall thickening or luminal narrowing (9 patients) and mediastinal lymphadenopathy (14 patients). Most lesions were located in the upper and middle segments of the esophagus. Endoscopic examination primarily revealed ulcerations, submucosal protrusions, and fistulous openings in the esophageal wall. Histopathological analysis of esophageal mucosal biopsies demonstrated granulomatous inflammation in 15 patients. Among those who underwent specific pathogen testing, the positivity rates for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) staining and Mycobacterium tuberculosis polymerase chain reaction in lesional tissues were 12.5% (1/8) and 83.3% (5/6), respectively. A confirmed diagnosis, based on the presence of typical tuberculous granulomas along with microbiological evidence, was established in 7 patients. The remaining 13 patients received a clinical diagnosis supported by integrated assessment of clinical presentation, imaging, endoscopic, and histopathological findings. Conclusion Esophageal tuberculosis is characterized by atypical clinical presentations and non-specific imaging features, leading to frequent missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis due to its deceptive presentation. In clinical practice, an integrated diagnostic approach combining endoscopy, histopathology, and etiological examination is essential. Early recognition, accurate diagnosis, and standardized treatment are crucial for improving prognosis.

Study on the effect of ganciclovir injection combined with recombinant human interferon α-1b in the treatment of RSV pneumonia in children He Yaohong, Tan Yanguo, Chen Jin, Qu Shuang 2026, 11 (2):  35-40.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2026.02.007 Abstract ( 25)    PDF (785KB) ( 8 )    Objective To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of ganciclovir injection combined with recombinant human interferon alpha-1b on children with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) pneumonia, providing a basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment of RSV pneumonia. Method 105 pediatric patients with RSV pneumonia (admitted from December 2021 to December 2023, aged 3-8 years) were randomly separated into combination group (35 cases) , control group (35 cases), and regular group (35 cases) in Fu Xing Hospital, Capital Medical University. The regular group received conventional treatment, the control group was treated with recombinant human interferon α-1b, and the combination group was treated with ganciclovir injection combined with recombinant human interferon α-1b（including antipyretic, expectorant, antitussive, oxygen therapy and basic antiviral therapy）. Result The total effective rate of the combination group (94.29%, 33/35) was higher than that of the control group (68.57%, 24/35) and regular group (57.14%, 20/35) (all P<0.05). The improvement of clinical indicators such as cough[(3.96±0.88)d], wheezing[(3.39±0.85)d], and dyspnea[(1.62±0.30)d] in the combination group was better than that in the control group[(6.35±1.17)d, (5.57±1.12)d, (3.27±0.69)d, respectively] and regular group[(7.59±1.34)d, (6.89±1.27)d, (4.62±0.84)d, respectively] (all P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin (IL)-10, CD8+, and immunoglobulin E (IgE) in both groups of children decreased, while CD4+ increased. And the improvement amplitude of the combination group was higher than that of the control group and regular group (all P<0.05). Conclusion The combination of ganciclovir injection and recombinant human interferon α-1b can improve the clinical symptoms, reduce inflammatory response and improve immune function in children with RSV pneumonia, the efficacy is certain, with definite efficacy and good safety.

Clinical characteristics and efficacy analysis of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis combined with chronic kidney disease Wang Juan, Gao Zicheng, Huang Su, Li Junhong, Lu Tingyu, Yu Zhaoxian 2026, 11 (2):  41-44.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2026.02.008 Abstract ( 27)    PDF (765KB) ( 13 )    Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and therapeutic efficacy in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis combined with chronic kidney disease, and to provide references for the diagnosis and treatment of such patients. Method A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis combined with chronic kidney disease who visited the Guangzhou Chest Hospital from January 2020 to December 2024. Result A total of 74 patients were included, with 53 males (71.62%) and 21 females (28.38%), and their ages ranged from 25 to 89 years (median age,64 years). Among them, 14 patients (18.92%) had extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Twenty-four patients (32.43%) received renal replacement therapy. The main clinical manifestations were cough and sputum production. Elevated white blood cell counts were observed in 25 patients (33.78%), anemia in 53 patients (71.62%), and elevated blood urea nitrogen in 61 patients (82.43%). The urine protein was positive in 60 patients (81.08%). Radiological features were mainly patchy infiltrations. All patients received anti-tuberculosis treatment, among which 44 patients showed improvement, with an effective rate of 59.46%.Univariate analysis indicated that patients with elevated white blood cell counts(>9.5×109/L)(40.0% vs 69.39%, χ2=5.931, P=0.015)and those with blood urea nitrogen levels more than three times the upper limit of normal (≥21.3mmol/L) (33.30% vs 67.86%, χ2=6.735, P=0.009) had poorer therapeutic outcomes. Conclusion Patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis combined with chronic kidney disease are mainly middle-aged and elderly males, with a high proportion of extrapulmonary tuberculosis involvement. The overall therapeutic efficacy is relatively poor, and it is associated with white blood cell and blood urea nitrogen levels.

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of school pulmonary tuberculosis index cases and influencing factors for strong positivity in tuberculin test among close contacts in Xindu District, Chengdu Xiao Qiyao, Lu Jia, Jiang Chunmei, Du Jinchang 2026, 11 (2):  45-50.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2026.02.009 Abstract ( 31)    PDF (1266KB) ( 11 )    Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of index cases of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and their close contacts in schools in Xindu District, Chengdu, and to provide reference for improving school TB prevention and control strategies. Method Based on the individual case questionnaires of school TB index cases and on-site epidemiological investigation reports of close contacts in Xindu District, Chengdu from 2019 to 2024, the trend χ2 test was used to analyze the annual change trend of the reported incidence rate of school TB; the descriptive epidemiological analysis method was adopted to explore the three-dimensional distribution characteristics (time, space, and population) of the cases; multivariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the influencing factors for the occurrence of strong positivity in the tuberculin skin test (TST) among close contacts. Result A total of 198 school TB cases were reported in Xindu District, Chengdu from 2019 to 2024, with an annual average reported incidence rate of 11.97 per 100 000, showing a continuous downward trend (χ2=14.674, P<0.05). Secondary vocational and technical schools had the highest annual average reported incidence rate (58.44/100 000), while colleges and universities had the largest number of cumulative reported cases (86 cases, accounting for 43.43%). The time of case report is mainly concentrated in March, April, September and November every year. Xindu Sub-district is a persistently high-incidence area for reported index cases. A total of 7,448 close contacts were identified during 2019-2024. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for TST strong positivity in close contacts included: the index case being a student (OR=3.261, 95%CI: 2.112-5.006), the school type being junior high school (OR=4.178, 95%CI: 2.061-8.472), senior high school (OR=4.781, 95%CI: 2.338-9.776), secondary vocational and technical school (OR=3.094, 95%CI: 1.470-6.512), or college/university (OR=3.887, 95%CI: 1.980-7.629), as well as the index case having a positive etiological test result (OR=2.550, 95%CI: 1.605-4.051) or no etiological test result (OR=2.907, 95%CI: 1.693-4.993). Conclusion From 2019 to 2024, the reported incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis in schools in Xindu District, Chengdu showed an overall decreasing trend year by year. Risk factors for strong positive TST results among close contacts included the index case being a student, the school type (junior high school, senior high school, vocational and technical secondary school, or institution of higher education), and the index case being etiologically positive or having no etiological test results. It is recommended to implement classified school management and implement preventive treatment for high-risk groups to achieve precise prevention and control of pulmonary tuberculosis in schools.

Risk factors for neuropathy in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients treated with linezolid Zheng Jian, Hu Qiumeng, Wang Haopeng, Zhang Peize, Deng Guofang 2026, 11 (2):  51-55.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2026.02.010 Abstract ( 31)    PDF (854KB) ( 14 )    Objective To investigate the risk factors for neuropathy in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treated with linezolid (LZD), so as to provide a basis for early clinical identification of high-risk populations, optimized medication monitoring and reduction of the risk of neuropathy. Method This study enrolled MDR-TB patients treated with linezolid (600 mg once daily for 6-9 months) at Shenzhen Third People's Hospital from May 31, 2019, to December 19, 2021 as part of the SEAL-MDR trial (safety and efficacy of all-oral shortened regimens for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a multicenter randomized withdrawal trial and a single-arm trial). Participants were categorized into groups based on the occurrence of peripheral neuropathy or optic neuropathy. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify potential risk factors for neuropathy among these patients treated with LZD. Result A total of 120 patients were enrolled in this study, among which 90 patients (75.00%) developed peripheral neuropathy, while 30(25.00%) did not. Similarly, 86 (71.67%) developed optic neuropathy, while 30(25.00%) did not. Female sex (OR=3.774, 95%CI: 1.178-12.090, P=0.025) and age (OR=1.034, 95%CI: 1.001-1.068, P=0.045) were risk factors for peripheral neuropathy in MDR-TB patients treated with LZD. Non-local patient status (OR=2.629, 95%CI: 1.050-6.586, P=0.039) was a risk factor for optic neuropathy in these patients. Conclusion MDR-TB patients treated with LZD throughout the course of therapy have a higher risk of developing neuropathy.Clinical attention should be focused on elderly patients, females, and non-local patients, with enhanced monitoring and intervention measures.

Effects of group B streptococcus colonization in genital tract on vaginal microecology, serum levels of inflammatory factors and maternal and infant outcomes in late pregnancy Wang Chunwen, Bao Xuebing, Shi Jianying, Yang Kun, Luo Linling, Zhou Qianqian, Nie Panrong 2026, 11 (2):  56-60.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2026.02.011 Abstract ( 24)    PDF (783KB) ( 8 )    Objective To investigate the effects of reproductive tract Group B streptococcus (GBS) colonization in genital tract on vaginal microecology, serum inflammatory factors and maternal and infant outcomes in late pregnant women. To provide a basis for GBS screening and prevention in pregnant women. Method The clinical data of 6010 cases late pregnant women who delivered in Baoshan People's Hospital from January 2022 to December 2024 and underwent vaginal secretions GBS detection were retrospectively analyzed. According to the GBS test results, the patients were divided into GBS positive group and GBS negative group. The baseline data, vaginal microecological indexes, serum inflammatory factors and maternal and infant outcomes were compared between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of GBS colonization in genital tract of late pregnant women. Result Among the 6010 cases late pregnant women, 253 cases were positive for GBS colonization, with a positive rate of 4.21%. The proportions of gestational diabetes mellitus and, thyroid dysfunction, vaginal cleanliness grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ, pH value >4.5, and the distribution of vaginal microbiota in GBS positive group were higher than those in GBS negative group (all P<0.05); The levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), procalcitonin (PCT) in GBS positive group were higher than those in GBS-negative group (all P<0.05) . The incidence rates of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, hyperbilirubinemia, suppurative meningitis and neonatal GBS infection were higher than those in GBS-negative group (P<0.05). Conclusion GBS colonization in genital tract can cause vaginal microecological imbalance, aggravate inflammatory reaction, and increase the risk of adverse maternal and infant outcomes in late pregnant women.

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics and spatial clustering of pulmonary tuberculosis in Ya'an city from 2019 to 2025 Feng Yan'e, Wei Yuqin 2026, 11 (2):  61-65.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2026.02.012 Abstract ( 27)    PDF (817KB) ( 8 )    Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and spatial clustering of pulmonary tuberculosis in Ya'an City from 2019 to 2025, so as to provide evidence for optimizing prevention and control strategies. Method Based on the surveillance data of pulmonary tuberculosis from 2019 to 2025, the epidemiological characteristics were described. The Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the temporal trends of the reported incidence rate and etiological positive rate. Spatial autocorrelation analysis was applied to identify the clustering areas and types of cases. Result A total of 4,526 pulmonary tuberculosis cases were reported in Ya'an City from 2019 to 2025, with an average annual reported incidence rate of 44.16 per 100 000 population; there were 3,034 etiologically positive cases, with an average annual etiological positive rate of 67.03%. The overall reported incidence rate showed a downward trend (AAPC=-3.866%, P<0.05), while the overall etiological positive rate showed an upward trend (AAPC = 11.677%, P<0.05). The reported incidence rate of males (62.35 per 100 000 population) was significantly higher than that of females (25.82 per 100 000 population), with a statistically significant difference (χ2=774.294, P<0.05). The elderly aged ≥60 years had the highest average annual reported incidence rate (74.05 per 100 000 population), with no statistically significant downward trend (χ2trend=0.350, P>0.05). Farmers accounted for the highest proportion (68.10%) in pulmonary tuberculosis cases, followed by homemakers and unemployed people (14.60%), and there was a statistically significant difference in the proportion of cases among different occupations (χ2=6696.304, P<0.05). Spatial analysis revealed that the reported incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis fluctuated dynamically, with significant spatial clustering in 2024, yet no sustained and stable "high-high" clustering areas were formed. Conclusion The overall epidemic of pulmonary tuberculosis in Ya'an City showed a downward trend from 2019 to 2025, with obvious spatial clustering of cases in 2024 but no persistent high-incidence areas. Targeted prevention and control should be implemented for key populations such as males, people aged ≥60 years and farmers to effectively reduce the tuberculosis epidemic.

Case Report

A case report of toxic epidermal necrolysis induced by levofloxacin during anti-tuberculosis treatment Hu Shaoyu, Feng Yanyi, Qi Zhenhong 2026, 11 (2):  66-70.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2026.02.013 Abstract ( 20)    PDF (1186KB) ( 18 )    This report describes a case of levofloxacin-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) occurring during antituberculosis therapy. A patient developed active pulmonary tuberculosis following treatment for lung cancer and subsequently experienced a rare and potentially fatal case of toxic epidermal necrolysis induced by anti-tuberculosis drugs. In clinical management, suspicious medications were immediately discontinued, and an analysis using the Algorithm of Drug Causality for Epidermal Necrolysis identified levofloxacin as the causative drug. The Severity-of-Illness Score for Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis estimated the patient's mortality risk at 62%. To manage TEN, the treatment team initiated a combination of corticosteroids, immunoglobulins, and TNF-α antagonists, while concurrently starting intensive second-line anti-tuberculosis therapy. This approach effectively reduced the risk of tuberculosis dissemination triggered by immunotherapy. Following the resolution of TEN, a drug provocation test was performed to evaluate the patient's tolerance to isoniazid, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide, which subsequently informed the formulation of a revised anti-tuberculosis regimen. This case underscores the rare and severe risk of TEN induced by levofloxacin and provides valuable insights into the management of pulmonary tuberculosis complicated by TEN.

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery via left thoracic approach for tuberculous constrictive pericarditis: a report of 5 cases Zhang Ying, Lao Haijun, Lin Bing, Liu Junting, Xin Yumeng, Yang Liying, Sun Dongmei 2026, 11 (2):  71-75.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2026.02.014 Abstract ( 20)    PDF (1071KB) ( 8 )    Tuberculous constrictive pericarditis is characterized by chronic pericardial inflammation, thickening, adhesion and calcification caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Pericardial constriction compresses the myocardium and great vessels, leading to a series of clinical manifestations of circulatory disturbance. Surgical pericardiectomy is the core treatment for this disease. Conventional surgical approaches are mainly median sternotomy and left anterolateral thoracotomy. This paper reports 5 patients with tuberculous constrictive pericarditis who underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) at the Fourth Hospital of Chaoyang from August 2018 to July 2022. All patients underwent partial pericardiectomy via the left thoracic approach using the three-port or single-operating-port technique. Among them, 1 patient complicated with left chronic tuberculous empyema received simultaneous decortication of the fibrous pleura. All 5 operations were successfully completed without conversion to open thoracotomy. Standardized anti-tuberculosis medication was administered during the perioperative period. Postoperative follow-up ranged from 13 to 36 months. All patients were cured, with favorable recovery of cardiac function and no recurrence observed.

Health Management and Prevention and Control Strategies

Research progress on epidemiological status, diagnostic challenges and prevention and control strategies of brucellosis in Inner Mongolia Region Zhang Lihui, Su Yu, Jing Ruifeng 2026, 11 (2):  76-82.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2026.02.015 Abstract ( 26)    PDF (924KB) ( 14 )    Brucellosis is a major global zoonotic disease, posing a continuous threat to public health and animal husbandry. The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is the core epidemic area of brucellosis in China, with reported cases in 2023 accounting for 23.3% of the national total (16 409 cases) and an incidence rate of 68.34 per 100 000, which is 13 times the national average, indicating a severe epidemic situation. This review systematically summarizes the epidemiological status, diagnostic challenges, and strategic prospects of brucellosis in Inner Mongolia. Regarding the epidemiological status, it focuses on the high incidence rate, spatial distribution characteristics, and clinical features such as high chronicity and multiple complications. In terms of diagnostic challenges, it summarizes practical issues such as insufficient diagnostic capacity at the grassroots level, low timeliness of testing, and difficulty in confirming chronic infections. For strategic prospects, it highlights comprehensive measures implemented in Inner Mongolia in recent years, including tiered precise prevention and control, application of rapid diagnostic technologies, multi-departmental collaborative information sharing, integration of culling compensation with insurance, and coordinated diagnosis and treatment between modern and Mongolian medicine. These measures have significantly shortened the time to diagnosis and reduced the chronicity rate, forming a localized model of "early detection-precise intervention-intelligent prevention and control". Therefore, the prevention and control practices in Inner Mongolia may provide a reference for brucellosis control in other resource-limited regions of China. Some specific technical and collaborative mechanisms developed in this context may offer useful insights for transitioning similar epidemics from a high-level plateau to a stable control phase.

Review

Current application status and prospects of organoids in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases Wang Xianjue, Yang Shuwei 2026, 11 (2):  83-91.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2026.01.016 Abstract ( 19)    PDF (994KB) ( 25 )    Organoid technology, as an emerging biomedical research tool, has shown great potential in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases in recent years. The high incidence and complexity of infectious diseases have rendered traditional research methods confronted with multiple limitations, such as the failure of cell lines to simulate the three-dimensional microenvironment of organs, the species-specific differences between animal models and human physiology, and the inability of clinical sample studies to dynamically track the infection process. In contrast, organoids are capable of highly recapitulating the three-dimensional structure and physiological functions of human organs in vitro, providing a novel platform for investigating pathogen infection mechanisms, vaccine development, drug screening, and personalized medicine. Although considerable progress has been made in the application of organoids in these fields, challenges such as the establishment of standardized models, cellular source diversity, and ethical concerns remain. This review aims to summarize the current applications of organoids in infectious disease research and discuss future directions, with the goal of facilitating further advancements in organoid technology for infectious disease management.

Standards/Guidelines/Consensus

Interpretation of the WHO Consolidated Guidelines on Tuberculosis, Module 6: Tuberculosis and Comorbidities Zhao Manman, Hu Qiumeng, Shi Huaifang, Li Wensi, Li Xiaoyang, Deng Guofang 2026, 11 (2):  92-97.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2026.02.017 Abstract ( 34)    PDF (800KB) ( 23 )    Tuberculosis remains a major global health threat and the leading infectious cause of death worldwide. Five key health-related risk factors—diabetes, HIV infection, smoking, malnutrition, and alcohol use disorder—collectively account for nearly half of all incident tuberculosis cases. These comorbidities not only elevate the risk of tuberculosis development but also contribute to poor treatment outcomes and diminished quality of life, imposing a substantial burden on global public health. To address the challenge of tuberculosis, WHO released the WHO Consolidated Guidelines on Tuberculosis, Module 6: Tuberculosis and Comorbidities on October 7, 2025. The guideline focuses particularly on HIV infection and malnutrition, providing systematic, evidence-based recommendations for the screening, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of TB in affected populations. It aims to inform global TB control efforts and support countries in developing and implementing integrated strategies to improve patient outcomes. This article interprets the key recommendations of the guideline to serve as a reference for healthcare professionals, public health practitioners, and policy-makers, thereby supporting the advancement of integrated patient care for TB and comorbidities.

Education Fields

Construction and practical research on AI-assisted teaching corpus for infectious diseases Wen Lemin, Li Yanjun, Li Xianxi, Qin Yingmei, Xie Zhouhua 2026, 11 (2):  98-103.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2026.01.018 Abstract ( 15)    PDF (745KB) ( 19 )    Infectious diseases is a highly practical subject. Its traditional teaching mode faces many challenges, such as lagging knowledge update, fragmentation of clinical cases, and weak practical teaching. The lack and imperfection of AI-assisted teaching corpus further aggravates the above teaching dilemmas. With the deep integration of "AI+Education", the construction of intelligent teaching corpus has become an important direction to promote the teaching reform of infectious diseases. This paper systematically analyzes the core problems existing in the current undergraduate teaching practice of infectious diseases, and clarifies the core value of corpus construction to solve the above problems. On this basis, it puts forward the framework of AI-assisted teaching corpus construction, elaborates on the specific path, technical support and quality assurance measures of corpus construction, and clarifies the role of AI-assisted teaching corpus construction in promoting the intelligent transformation of infectious diseases education, so as to provide theoretical reference and practical paradigm for promoting the high-quality development of infectious diseases education.