Current Issue

2025 Vol.10 No.3 Published:30 June 2025

Original Articles

Surveillance of Chlamydia psittaci in a bird market in Shenzhen and genomic characterization of isolated strains Cui Wenkai, Wu Shuang, Chen Qiongcheng, Lei Xinyue, Yuan Li, Cai Jianguang, Shi Xiaolu 2025, 10 (3):  1-5.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2025.03.001 Abstract ( 84)    PDF (1256KB) ( 27 )    Objective To screen for the presence of Chlamydia psittaci (Cps) in parrots from bird and flower markets in Shenzhen, and to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the positive samples, providing a scientific basis for epidemiological research, disease prevention and control, and public health management. Method In May 2023 and June 2024, two rounds of investigation and sampling were conducted at a parrot retail stall in a wholesale agricultural market in Shenzhen. The collected samples were screened for Cps, and Cps-positive samples were subjected to isolation through cell culture. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on the isolated Cps strains, followed by genomic analysis to explore genotype distribution and evolutionary relationships. Result A total of 110 samples were collected, of which 38 tested positive for Cps, with a positivity rate of 34.5% (38/110). One Cps strain was successfully isolated from the intestinal mucosa of a Cps-positive parrot. Whole-genome sequencing yielded the complete genome of the isolate, which was identified as genotype A. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that this strain is genetically closest to reference strains derived from parrots, suggesting potential host adaptation. Conclusion A relatively high detection rate of Cps was observed in samples collected from the parrot retail stall in a wholesale agricultural market in Shenzhen. It is recommended to strengthen hygiene management in bird and flower markets, especially at parrot stalls, and to enhance ongoing surveillance of Cps.

Characteristics of immune-endocrine imbalance in uncomplicated pulmonary tuberculosis patients with different degrees of lung involvement Zhang Quanwu, Wang Wanru, Lu Qiong, Xin Chao 2025, 10 (3):  6-11.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2025.03.002 Abstract ( 48)    PDF (994KB) ( 13 )    Objective To analyze the differential expression of immune endocrine mediators in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) with different degrees of lung involvement, and evaluate the relationship between immune endocrine mediators and in vitro immune response. Method From January 2021 to November 2023, 130 newly diagnosed adult PTB patients aged 18 to 65 years were enrolled in the PTB group,and 130 volunteers were recruited as the control group. All patients were classified into mild, moderate, and severe lung involvement according to the extent and type of radiological lesions. Blood samples were collected from all participants at 8:00 AM upon enrollment to measure their plasma levels of leptin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and C-reactive protein (CRP), and to analyze their in vitro immune responses, including lymphocyte proliferation and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production. Result The levels of leptin and DHEA in the PTB group were lower than those in the control group, CRP, IL-6, Cortisol levels and cortisol/DHEA ratio were higher than those in the control group (P<0.001). Further pairwise comparisons showed that the severe subgroup had lower leptin levels than the mild and moderate subgroups, lower DHEA levels than the mild subgroup, higher CRP, IL-6 and cortisol/DHEA levels than the mild and moderate subgroups, and higher cortisol levels than the mild subgroup (P< 0.001). Body mass index (BMI) was positively correlated with leptin in PTB group. Two discriminant functions of lung involvement in PTB patients were established by discriminant analysis of BMI and immunoendocrine mediators. There were significant differences in in vitro Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced lymphocyte proliferation and IFN-γ production between control group and PTB group, especially in PTB patients with severe lung involvement, lymphocyte proliferation and IFN-γ production were significantly lower, and IFN-γ in the culture supernatant of leptin and PTB patients was positively correlated with concanavalin A-induced lymphocyte proliferation. Discriminant function 1 could explain 90.00% of the variance variation, while discriminant function 2 was only 10.00%. Both discriminant functions had significance difference (P<0.001), and the group centroid of discriminant functions did not overlap. The degree of lung involvement in PTB patients can be clearly distinguished. Conclusion There is immune-endocrine imbalance in patients with PTB, which may lead to increased lung involvement.

The relationship between nutritional and immune status and severity of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis Lu Chunli, Li Yan, Wang Min, Yuan Yuan, Huang Yaling, Fan Jiahua 2025, 10 (3):  12-17.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2025.03.003 Abstract ( 76)    PDF (1070KB) ( 23 )    Objective To investigate the relationship between nutritional and immune indicators and the severity of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (DR-TB), and to provide a basis for developing precision intervention strategies based on nutritional and immunomodulatory approaches. Method This cross-sectional study enrolled 336 patients diagnosed with DR-TB and admitted to Guangzhou Chest Hospital from January to December 2023. Based on pulmonary imaging features, patients were divided into a severe DR-TB group (≥3 infected lung fields, n=183) and a general DR-TB group (<3 infected lung fields, n=153). Nutritional status was assessed using body mass index (BMI), nutritional risk screening score (NRS-2002), total protein (TP), prealbumin (PA), trans iron protein (TRF), serum albumin (ALB) levels and prognostic nutritional indicator (PNI), immune status was evaluated via CD4+T, CD8+T, CD3+T, as well as white blood cells (WBC), neutrophil(Neu), lymphocyte (LYM) count, platelets (PLT), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR). Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between nutrition, immune status and DR-TB severity. Result Compared with patients in the general DR-TB group, patients in the severe DR-TB group were more likely to be middle-aged and older men with a longer course of disease (P<0.05). In nutritional index, BMI, PNI, ALB, PA and TRF levels were significantly lower in the severe DR-TB group (all P<0.05). In terms of immune indexes, severe DR-TB patients exhibited reduced CD4+T, CD3+T and LYM levels but elevated WBC, PLT, NLR and PLR levels, with higher proportions of abnormal WBC, LYM, and NLR results, P<0.05. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that BMI, PNI, ALB and PA were protective factors against severe DR-TB, while WBC, Neu, PLT, NLR, and PLR were independent risk factors, after adjusting for age, gender, BMI, diabetes mellitus and disease duration. Conclusion Nutrition and immune status are significantly associated with the severity of DR-TB. Effective infection control, improved nutritional status, and enhanced immune function may help reduce the risk of severe DR-TB and thus improve patient prognosis.

Construction and validation of an early prediction model for hepatitis B cirrhosis in the decompensated stage complicating hepatorenal syndrome Bao Wenwen, Zhang Lihua, Hua Ping, Wang Zhongcheng 2025, 10 (3):  18-23.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2025.03.004 Abstract ( 57)    PDF (1173KB) ( 20 )    Objective To construct an early prediction model for hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) complicating the decompensated stage of hepatitis B cirrhosis, and to provide a reference basis for the prediction of HRS and the development of early prevention and treatment programs. Method This is a retrospective study, 256 patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis in decompensated stage admitted to our hospital from June 2021 to December 2023 were randomly selected as the study subjects, clinical data of the patients were collected, and they were randomly divided into modelling and validation groups in a ratio of 4:1, unifactorial and multifactorial analyses were performed based on the clinical data of the patients in the modelling group, and a nomogram prediction model was constructed and validated based on independent risk factors for the complication of HRS in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis in decompensated stage. independent risk factors of HRS in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis in the decompensated stage of liver cirrhosis. Result Out of 256 patients included in this study, 45 had HRS with an incidence of 17.58%. The results of univariate analysis showed that non-HRS and HRS patients had statistically significant differences in white blood cell count, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, haemoglobin, glutamate aminotransferase, glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin (TB), urea nitrogen, serum creatinine (Scr), prothrombin time, arterial blood lactic acid (LA), and maximum diameter of shunt vein. Lactic acid (LA), and maximum diameter of shunt vein were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The results of multifactorial analysis showed that elevated TB (OR=1.109, 95%CI:1.051-1.170), elevated Scr (OR=1.029, 95%CI:1.004-1.056), elevated arterial blood LA (OR=3.426, 95%CI:1.550-7.574), increased shunt vein maximum diameter (OR=1.127, 95%CI:1.009-1.259) were all independent risk factors (all P<0.05) for the complication of HRS in the decompensated stage of cirrhosis in hepatitis B. ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of the modelling group and the validation group were 0.942 (95%CI:0.908-0.976) and 0.897 (95%CI:0.770-1.000), respectively, with Hosmer- Lemeshow test P=0.586. The DCA and CIC analyses showed a positive benefit from intervening with patients using the model in the range of 0 to 1 high-risk thresholds, and the number of cases predicted to develop HRS was higher than the number of cases that actually developed HRS. Conclusion Complicated HRS in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis in the decompensated stage is associated with a number of factors, and the construction of a nomogram prediction model based on the relevant independent risk factors can help in the early diagnosis of HRS and the development of treatment plans, which is important for improving the prognosis of patients.

Analysis of clinical and pathological characteristics of organizing pneumonia suspected of pulmonary tuberculosis Zhang Lin, Xiao Haihao, Li Tianyi, Su Wenjie 2025, 10 (3):  24-28.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2025.03.005 Abstract ( 61)    PDF (1659KB) ( 22 )    Objective To analyze the clinical and pathological characteristics of patients with organizing pneumonia suspected of pulmonary tuberculosis and the cause of misdiagnosed and missing, in order to improve the early clinical diagnosis rate of organizing pneumonia. Method The data of 72 cases of organizing pneumonia patients and 72 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis patients admitted to Guangzhou Chest Hospital from January 2019 to March 2023 were collected. The basic medical history, clinical manifestations, chest CT findings, pathological changes and other data were statistically analyzed. Result 72 cases of organizing pneumonia were similar to pulmonary tuberculosis in the risk factor clinical manifestations such as cough, fever, chest pain, pulmonary rales and imaging data, but it had obvious specificity in pathological changes:there was obvious hyperplasia of interstitial fibrous granulation tissue in alveoli, and a polypoid hyperplasia protruding into the alveolar cavity. Conclusion The risk facto clinical manifestations and imaging data of the organizing pneumonia patients lacked specificity, it is easy to be mistaken and misdiagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis, attention should be paid to the differences between the two diseases, to help early diagnosis of organizing pneumonia.

Effects of Shugan huazhi decoction in diabetes mellitus with MAFLD based on gut microbiota and metabonomics Liu Xing, Liang Xuan, Li Bin, Zhang Lijia, Li Meiyuxi, Li Xinyue, Zhang Zhen, Wang Yan 2025, 10 (3):  29-39.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2025.03.006 Abstract ( 62)    PDF (3052KB) ( 33 )    Objective To explore the efficacy and mechanism of Shugan huazhi decoction in diabetes mellitus（DM）with metabolic fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Method Zebrafish experiments were used to predict the efficacy of Shugan huazhi decoction. 18 mice were randomly divided into normal control group, model group (DM with MAFLD model), and Shugan huazhi decoction group. The Shugan huazhi decoction group was treated with Shugan huazhi decoction for 4 weeks in DM combined with MAFLD mice. The expression levels of blood glucose(BG), blood lipids, liver function, C-reactive protein (CRP), C-peptide, liver lipopolysaccharide (LPS), reactive oxygen species (ROS), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B), P38 mitogen activated protein kinase (P38), autophagy protein P62 (P62), as well as differences in liver pathology, gut microbiota, and metabolomics were compared in each group. DM with MAFLD mice were randomly divided into positive control group and fecal microbiota transplantation group. The positive control group was treated with bifidobacteria, while the fecal microbiota transplantation group was treated with the fecal suspension of Shugan huazhi decoction group. The BG, blood lipid, liver function, LPS, liver pathology and gut microbiota of two groups were detected. Result The result of zebrafish experiment showed that Shugan huazhi decoction has the effect of decreasing blood lipids and BG. After the treatment of Shugan huazhi decoction, the expression levels of BG, blood lipids, liver function, CRP, C-peptide, liver LPS, ERK, JNK, P38 and P62 were decreased, the expression level of liver LC3B was increased, and the liver lipid deposition was improved in DM with MAFLD mice. The gut microbiota was dominated by Firmicutes, Eubacterales, Clostridia, Lachnospiraceae, Oscillibacter, and Pseudoflavonifractor, which were negatively correlated with metabolites monoglycerides, diglycerides, and triglycerides. The result of fecal microbiota transplantation experiment showed that the levels of BG, blood lipids, liver function, and LPS were decreased compared with the positive control group, but there was no statistical difference between the two groups. The relative abundance of Parasottella, Faecalibaculum, Candidatus-Amulumdisruptor, and Bacteroides were increased, while the relative abundance of Escherichia, Lactobacillus, Parabteroides, and Akkermansia were decreased. Conclusion The therapeutic effect of Shugan huazhi decoction in DM with MAFLD may be achieved by multiple pathways and targets, such as regulating the MAPK signaling pathway, autophagy and gut microbiota, improving metabolism, and reducing the levels of LPS and inflammatory factors.

Study on the mechanisms of glycyrrhizic acid and its derivatives targeting human parainfluenza virus and rubella virus: bioinformatics analysis Xu Jing, Chen Shang, Wang Xianwei, Jia Shu, Fan Xutao 2025, 10 (3):  40-46.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2025.03.007 Abstract ( 66)    PDF (2347KB) ( 32 )    Objective This study aimed to explore the potential antiviral mechanisms of glycyrrhizic acid (GL) and its derivatives, including glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), ammonium glycyrrhizinate (AG), sodium glycyrrhizinate (SG), and dipotassium glycyrrhizinate (DG), against human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) and rubella virus (RuV) to provide a theoretical basis for the development of novel antiviral therapies. Method Modern bioinformatics methods were used. First, the possible target proteins of GL and its derivatives were predicted through the Super-PRED database. Next, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) functional enrichment analyses were performed to reveal the biological processes and signaling pathways of the target proteins. Key target proteins were identified through protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, and molecular docking studies were conducted to evaluate the binding affinity of GL and its derivatives to target proteins.Result The analysis showed that GL and its derivatives were predicted to have potential interactions with 59 respiratory virus target proteins. Among them, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), complement C5a receptor 1 (C5AR1), and nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 (NFKB1) played important roles in HPIV and RuV infections. These target proteins showed participation in multiple signaling pathways, including immune regulation and inflammatory responses. Molecular docking showed that GL bound to C5AR1 and STAT3, AG bound to C5AR1, and DG bound to STAT3 with high binding affinity. Conclusion GL and its derivatives exhibit antiviral activity against HPIV and RuV through a multi-target mechanism. This study provides theoretical support for the application of GL in antiviral therapy and indicates its potential value as a multi-target therapeutic agent.

Analysis of prevalence and influencing factors of subjective cognition and objective cognitive impairment in HIV/AIDS patients Li Mengjun, Chen Jingfang, Yuan Jing, Tang Fang, Ruan Shujin, Meng Ting, Zhan Cuixia 2025, 10 (3):  47-52.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2025.03.008 Abstract ( 65)    PDF (750KB) ( 29 )    Objective To investigate the occurrence and influencing factors of both subjective and objective cognitive impairment in HIV/AIDS patients by combining two neurocognitive assessment scales, and to provide reference for early clinical screening and personalized intervention. Method 175 patients with HIV/AIDS hospitalized in Shenzhen Third People's Hospital from May to July 2024 were selected and investigated by general data questionnaire, Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale(MoCA) and perceptual deficit questionnaire(PDQ). Multiple linear regression and binary Logistic regression were used to analyze the factors affecting subjective and objective neurocognitive impairment. Result Among 175 HIV/AIDS patients, 65 cases (37.1%) were found to have subjective cognitive decline by perception deficit questionnaire. PDQ scores were 14.0 (6.0, 26.0). Objectivecognitive impairment was detected in 98 patients with Montreal cognitive scale, accounting for 56.0%, and MoCA score was 26.0 (22.0, 28.0) points. The single factor results showed that the scores of PDQ were correlated with gender, age, insomnia, sleep quality, sleep duration and medication compliance. The scores of MoCA were correlated with gender, age, marital status, payment mode, education level, residence, monthly income, waist circumference, length of hospital stay, years of antiviral treatment, number of comorbidities, and coinfection with Hepatitis C virus (HCV). The results of multiple factors showed that gender, sleep quality and medication compliance were the factors affecting subjective cognitive decline in HIV/AIDS patients. Educational attainment and coinfection with HCV were risk factors for objective cognitive impairment. Conclusion The incidence of neurocognitive impairment is high in HIV/AIDS patients. Women, those with lower education, those with HCV infection, those with poor medication compliance and those with poor sleep quality are at high-risk for cognitive impairment. Early screening and evidence-based intervention should be given to high-risk groups in order to prevent or delay the occurrence and development of neurocognitive disorders.

A comparative study of the efficacy of Qinlingzi vaginal infusion and human interferon α2b vaginal effervescent tablets in the treatment of high-risk human papilloma virus infection Song Qingxia, Sun Fengdan, Xu Dan, Zhang Lemei, Gao Yinyan, Xuan Zhenyu 2025, 10 (3):  53-57.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2025.03.009 Abstract ( 132)    PDF (765KB) ( 11 )    Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Qinlingzi vaginal infusion and human interferon α2b vaginal effervescent tablets in treating high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, and to explore the potential advantages of Qinlingzi vaginal infusion in clinical applications. Method Patients with high-risk HPV infection from Suzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine between October 2022 and August 2023 were selected as research subjects. A total of 180 patients were included, with 90 patients in the control group receiving interferon α2b vaginal effervescent tablets and 90 patients in the study group received Qinlingzi vaginal infusion treatment. The HPV clearance rates, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome scores, and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups after 3 and 6 menstrual cycles of treatment. Result The overall effective rate of HPV clearance in the control group was 20.00% at 3 months and 33.33% at 6 months, both significantly lower than that in the study group, which was 55.56% at 3 months and 71.11% at 6 months, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). After treatment, the TCM syndrome score in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The HPV clearance rates at 3 months and 6 months post-treatment were compared across different age groups in both groups. In the control group, the best efficacy was observed in the 19-30 age group, with rates of 88.89% at 3 months and 100.00% at 6 months. In the study group, the 19-30 age group also showed the best efficacy, with 100.00% clearance rates at both 3 and 6 months. When comparing the two groups, at 3 months, the efficacy in the 19-30, >31-40, and >40 age groups was better in the study group than in the control group, but significant differences were only found in the >31-40 and >40 age groups (P<0.05). At 6 months, the efficacy in the >31-40 and >40 age groups was better in the study group, with a significant difference only in the >31-40 age group (P<0.05). Regarding inflammatory factor levels, there were no significant differences in the levels of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) between the two groups before treatment (P>0.05). After 3 and 6 months of treatment, TGF-β1 levels decreased and IL-6 levels increased in both groups. However, the study group had significantly lower TGF-β1 and higher IL-6 levels compared to the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups. Conclusion The therapeutic effect of Qinlingzi vaginal lavage solution on high-risk HPV is superior to that of interferon α2b vaginal effervescent tablets. It can significantly improve clinical symptoms and has good safety.

Expression levels and clinical significance of serum autotaxin, IL-6, and IL-33 in children with refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia Zhang Su, Xiao Zhen, Xu Dongcan 2025, 10 (3):  58-62.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2025.03.010 Abstract ( 66)    PDF (934KB) ( 26 )    Objective To analyze the expression levels of serum autotaxin, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-33 (IL-33) in children with refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP), and to explore their effectiveness in evaluating the risk of transformation from general Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia（GMPP) to refractory RMPP. In order to provide reference information for clinical control of GMPP progression in RMPP. Method A total of 83 children with RMPP and 80 children with GMPP admitted to the Emergency Department of Pengzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from January 1, 2022 to January 1, 2024 were selected as the research objects, and their demographic and clinical data were collected for retrospective analysis. The correlation between autotaxin, IL-6, and IL-33 with pulmonary function indicators and the risk factors affecting the progression of GMPP to RMPP were analyzed by comparing the general data of GMPP and RMPP groups. Result There were no significant differences in gender, age, BMI, and white blood cell count between GMPP group and RMPP group (P>0.05). Compared with the RMPP group, the GMPP group had a lower proportion of patients with duration of fever ≤10 days, no pleural effusion, and involvement of ≤ single lung lobe, and the RMPP group had higher CT value in the consolidation area and higher levels of autotaxin, IL-6, and IL-33. Tidal volume(VT), time to peak tidal expiratory flow as a proportion of expiratory time(tPTEF/TE) and TEF25/PTEF% in the GMPP group were significantly lower than those in the GMPP group (P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that: duration of fever (>10 days), pleural effusion (small, moderate/large), high CT value of consolidation area, involvement range (multiple lung lobes), increased autotaxin, IL-6, IL-33, VT, tPTEF/TE, TEF25/PTEF% levels were independent risk factors for the progression of GMPP to RMPP (P<0.05). Autotaxin, IL-6 and IL-33 were negatively correlated with VT, tPTEF/TE and TEF25/PTEF% (all P<0.05).The sensitivity and specificity of autotaxin, IL-6, and IL-33 combined detection in predicting the progression of GMPP to RMPP were 92.80% and 88.20%, respectively, which were higher than those of the three alone (P<0.05). Conclusion The expression levels of autotaxin, IL-6, and IL-33 in the serum of children with refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia were significantly increased, which were closely related to the lung function of the patients. They are expected to be used as biological indicators for predicting the progression of GMPP to RMPP in children.

Case Report

A case report of fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome Zhang Haolin, Li Zhuowei, Wang Aibin, Li Jiandong, Jiang Rongmeng 2025, 10 (3):  63-66.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2025.03.011 Abstract ( 72)    PDF (1840KB) ( 18 )    Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an acute infectious disease caused by Dabie bandavirus, and the clinical manifestations are mainly characterized by fever with thrombocytopenia. A few patients may develop severe and rapid progression, leading to clinical death due to multiple organ failure. In this case, a 79-year-old woman with fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome was presented to a local hospital with unexplained nausea, vomiting, and fever. The Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention reported that the Dabie bandavirus nucleic acid was positive, and the patient went to Beijing Ditan Hospital for further diagnosis and treatment. After treatment with favipiravir antiviral, methylprednisolone, and gamma globulin, coffee-like contents could be seen in the patient's gastric tube, and the occult blood test was positive. After being transferred to ICU, endotracheal intubation, ventilator-assisted ventilation, volume assessment, and pressurization to maintain circulation were performed, and the patient could not maintain circulation and died clinically. The S, M, and L segments of the gene sequence of the virus strain (DITAN-GSM) isolated from this patient were extremely similar to the 2023 Beijing BJ2023-PG-003 strain, with the similarity of 100% in the S segment, 99.85% in the M segment, and 99.78% in the L segment, all of which belonged to genotype A. In the constructed phylogenetic tree, the two Beijing strains were most closely related to the Anhui AHZ-2019-WXP strain, which suggests that the two cases in Beijing were genetically related to the Anhui cases.

A case of Mycobacterial abscessus infection-induced infectious granuloma of the gluteal region following abdominal wall abscess surgery Lyu Yansi, Zhao Limei, Guan Lyuxin, Wen Ziping, Wang Bin, Hou Suchun, Ma Li 2025, 10 (3):  67-71.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2025.03.012 Abstract ( 44)    PDF (1469KB) ( 16 )    This article reports a case of gluteal infectious granuloma secondary to Mycobacterium abscessus infection following abdominal wall abscess surgery. Gluteal infectious granuloma is clinically rare. Furthermore, Mycobacterium abscessus infection exhibits the pathological features of infectious granulomas, but identifying the specific strain is challenging, posing significant difficulties in diagnosis and treatment. In this case, the patient developed a secondary gluteal infection after undergoing surgery for an abdominal wall abscess, with postoperative histopathological acid-fast staining showing positive results. The gluteal infection manifested as localized swelling, pain, and progressively worsening granuloma. After detailed clinical evaluation and laboratory investigations, the patient was ultimately diagnosed with Mycobacterium abscessus infection. After treatment, the patient underwent targeted anti-infective therapy combined with surgical intervention, which gradually brought the condition under control. Through a detailed analysis of this case, this paper aims to provide valuable reference information for clinicians in managing such rare cases, highlighting the importance of early identification and timely treatment while contributing to the accumulation of diagnostic and therapeutic experience for similar conditions.

Review

The current status, mechanisms, and coping strategies of helicobacter pylori drug resistance Fan Bing, Nie Yongbo, Pei Xiaogai, Li Zhipeng, Zhou Ming, Luo Yi, Xiang Qi 2025, 10 (3):  72-77.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2025.03.013 Abstract ( 105)    PDF (776KB) ( 23 )    Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a global public health issue and is closely associated with a variety of gastric diseases, including chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric cancer, and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. With the extensive use of antibiotics, drug resistance in H. pylori has gradually become a key factor in treatment failure. In recent years, the drug resistance rate of H. pylori has significantly increased worldwide, particularly to commonly used antibiotics such as clarithromycin, metronidazole, and levofloxacin. The mechanisms of resistance are complex and diverse, including alterations in antibiotic targets, upregulation of drug efflux pump systems, biofilm formation, and other mechanisms. To effectively address the issue of drug resistance, in addition to traditional antibiotic susceptibility testing-guided treatment, new therapeutic approaches should be explored, such as phage therapy, nanoparticle delivery of antibiotics, and vaccine development. Moreover, strategies like optimizing existing treatment regimens, extending treatment duration, and combining probiotics or traditional Chinese medicine with antibiotics have also shown certain therapeutic effects. This review article provides a comprehensive analysis of multiple relevant studies, focusing on the current status of drug resistance, mechanisms of resistance, and coping strategies. The aim is to offer reference for clinical treatment and further research.

Research progress on Candida auris infection: a systematic review Li Qiuping, Yao Weiming, Feng Shiyan, Lin Yuanlong, Wang Fuxiang 2025, 10 (3):  78-83.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2025.03.014 Abstract ( 93)    PDF (772KB) ( 41 )    Candida auris is an emerging yeast fungus, oval or ovoid in shape, with a size of approximately (2.0-3.0)μm × (2.5-5.0)μm, capable of growing singly or in clusters. It was first isolated and identified in the ear canal secretions of a patient from Japan in 2009, and has since rapidly spread to over 40 countries worldwide. This fungus can colonize human skin and cause systemic deep fungal infections when the host's immunity is low, with infections commonly occurring in critical medical environments. A typical characteristic of Candida auris is its multidrug resistance, leading to limited treatment options. Thereby, its invasive infections can result in mortality rates as high as 30%-60%, posing a significant threat to the health and safety of immunocompromised individuals. In order to enhance the awareness of healthcare professionals in China about this fungus, this article provides a comprehensive review of Candida auris, covering itsetiology, global epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control, aiming to offer direct or indirect theoretical and practical references for future clinical treatment and research efforts.

Influential factors associated with the prognosis of severe pertussis Yang Qing, Wang Dongmei 2025, 10 (3):  84-91.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2025.03.015 Abstract ( 68)    PDF (764KB) ( 47 )    Pertussis is a highly contagious respiratory disease caused by Bordetella pertussis infection. In recent years, many countries with high pertussis vaccination coverage, including China, have experienced the “re-emergence of pertussis”, posing a significant challenge to public health. This has caused widespread concern both domestically and internationally. Pertussis cases surged, and deaths hit a record high in China in 2024. Meanwhile, pertussis infection in children, adolescents and adults are often misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed due to the difficulty in distinguishing them from other upper respiratory tract infections during the early symptoms of the infection. In fact, the morbidity of pertussis in China may be seriously underestimated. Severe pertussis poses a serious threat to life and health, as it carries a risk of death due to the severe complications that commonly accompany the disease. Early identification of high-risk patients can help healthcare professionals implement timely and targeted interventions to improve patient prognosis, reduce the incidence of complications and case fatality rates, enhance the quality and efficiency of healthcare, and lessen the economic burden on families as well as the consumption of public health resources caused by severe pertussis. This article reviews the influencing factors associated with the prognosis of severe pertussis, aiming to provide decision support for the rapid clinical identification of critically ill patients, as well as to provide a basis for the optimization of clinical diagnostic and treatment protocols and the development of novel preventive vaccines, and to provide a reference for similar studies in the future.

Standards/Guidelines/Consensus

Interpretation of WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis Module 1: prevention-tuberculosis preventive treatment, second edition Huang Jiamin, Ke Xue, Li Guobao, Lu Shuihua 2025, 10 (3):  92-98.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2025.03.016 Abstract ( 131)    PDF (976KB) ( 106 )    Tuberculosis infection (TBI) is defined as a state of persistent immune response to stimulation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB) antigens with no evidence of clinically manifest TB disease. Tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) for people at risk of tuberculosis can effectively reduce the incidence of TB disease and is a critical measure to achieve the End TB Strategy targets. Since the publication of the 2020 TPT guidelines, several developments have affected TPT policy. They include revision of WHO guidelines on screening for TB disease and new modalities for testing for TBI. In addition, two landmark trials of use of TPT for contacts of people with multidrug-resistant TB have been completed. In the light of these new developments and continued demand from Member States for guidance on how best to protect people at risk of TB, WHO has initiated guidelines revisions to ensure that the recommendations continue to be based on the latest available evidence. On September 9, 2024, WHO published WHO Consolidated Guidelines On Tuberculosis Module 1: Prevention - Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment, second edition, along with an operational handbook to guide the implementation of the recommendations. This article interprets the core content of the 2024 TPT guidelines to provide a reference for the implementation of TPT in China.

Education Field

Construction of "micro-ward" teaching guided by post competence in the standardized training for resident physicians in department of infectious diseases based on negative pressure ward Dong Xu, Xu Aijing, Zhu Tong, Ge Lingling, Li Chengzhong, Xu Mingxiao 2025, 10 (3):  99-104.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2025.03.017 Abstract ( 46)    PDF (772KB) ( 24 )    Objective To explore the construction of "micro-ward" teaching guided by post competence in negative pressure wards and the effect of it in the standardized training for resident doctors(residential training) in department of infectious diseases. Method A total of 115 trainees who participated in residential training in the department of infectious diseases of Changhai Hospital from August 2024 to February 2025 were randomly assigned to the study group (n=56) and the control group (n=59). The study group adopted the "micro-ward" teaching mode guided by post competency, while the control group adopted the traditional teaching mode. The learning effect was evaluated through theoretical examination, skill examination, case analysis, post competency evaluation and questionnaire survey. Result The total score, theoretical assessment, skill assessment, case analysis and post competency assessment scores of the study group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). Among them, the scores of multiple-choice questions in theory assessment, fluency in skill assessment, clinical judgment ability, treatment decision-making ability, humanistic care literacy, overall competence and other specific items in case analysis had statistical significance (P<0.05). The questionnaire survey showed that F value of the comprehensive attitude coefficient of the study group in three items of "promoting collaborative cooperation, improving subject interest and increasing theoretical gain" was highest. Compared between the two groups, F values of 9 items in the study group were higher than those in the control group, among which F values of "strengthening independent learning, encouraging clinical enthusiasm and stimulating scientific research interest" had the greatest difference. Conclusion In the negative pressure ward of department of infectious diseases, the application of "micro-ward" teaching guided by post competence in residential training can effectively improve the assessment results of students at the end of training, improve students' attention to infectious diseases, and effectively promote cooperation.