Abstract: Tuberculosis infection (TBI) is defined as a state of persistent immune response to stimulation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB) antigens with no evidence of clinically manifest TB disease. Tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) for people at risk of tuberculosis can effectively reduce the incidence of TB disease and is a critical measure to achieve the End TB Strategy targets. Since the publication of the 2020 TPT guidelines, several developments have affected TPT policy. They include revision of WHO guidelines on screening for TB disease and new modalities for testing for TBI. In addition, two landmark trials of use of TPT for contacts of people with multidrug-resistant TB have been completed. In the light of these new developments and continued demand from Member States for guidance on how best to protect people at risk of TB, WHO has initiated guidelines revisions to ensure that the recommendations continue to be based on the latest available evidence. On September 9, 2024, WHO published WHO Consolidated Guidelines On Tuberculosis Module 1: Prevention - Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment, second edition, along with an operational handbook to guide the implementation of the recommendations. This article interprets the core content of the 2024 TPT guidelines to provide a reference for the implementation of TPT in China.

Key words: Tuberculosis, Prevention, Treatment, Guidelines, Summary report