Abstract: Opportunistic infections (OIs) are important signs of the manifestation of AIDS in HIV-positive patients, and they often result in their hospitalization and subsequent death. Of note, thanks to the wide distribution and administration of modern antiretroviral therapy (ART), the incidence and mortality of AIDS-related OIs have significantly decreased worldwide. However, due to the high rate of late presentation, the absence of treatment, and/or failure of ART regimen, OIs remain critical causes of hospitalization and death among HIV/AIDS-infected patients in China. A regular screening of patients at higher risk, an early diagnosis, and a standardized treatment are crucial to improve the prognosis of AIDS complicated with OIs. This article aims to review the scientific advances made in the studies of five common OIs, namely pneumocystis pneumonia, cryptococcal meningitis, Talaromycosis marneffei, cerebral toxoplasmosis, and cytomegalovirus retinitis.

Key words: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, Pneumocystis pneumonia, Cryptococcus meningitis, Talaromycosis marneffei, Cerebral toxoplasmosis, Cytomegalovirus retinitis