Current Issue

2022 Vol.7 No.3 Published:31 July 2022

Everything for the People's Health -- Our DecadeEverything Decade

Key strategies and measures on leprosy control and prevention in Shenzhen Li Jing, Xue Haoze, Liu Hui, Huang Junxin, Cai Yumao 2022, 7 (3):  1-5.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2022.03.001 Abstract ( 496)    PDF (834KB) ( 884 )    Since 1981, when the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended the use and provision of free multidrug therapy（MDT）, the global prevalence of leprosy has declined sharply, and Shenzhen achieved the goal of basic eliminate leprosy as early as 1996 and has maintained a low prevalence status since then. Currently, the control target has changed from reducing the prevalence index to eliminating leprosy hazards, and China is working together with the world to achieve the goal of "zero leprosy" by 2030. Shenzhen follows a series of international and domestic leprosy prevention and treatment strategies and guidelines, adheres to the working mechanism of "no change in policy, no reduction in funding, no dispersion of teams, no stopping of work", focuses on the prevention and treatment principles of "whole population, public welfare, convenience and accessibility", adheres to the policy of "prevention first, prevention and treatment combined", takes the consolidation of the basic elimination of leprosy as the central goal, focuses on the elimination of leprosy hazards, organizes and implements the integrated medical and prevention integration model of prevention and control with government-led policy formulation, technical support from professional institutions, and multi-sectoral cooperation and response. A series of leprosy prevention and control strategies and measures with Shenzhen characteristics have been carried out proactively and comprehensively, including "establishing and improving the three-level prevention and control network and epidemic monitoring system, implementing and optimizing the symptom surveillance case detection model, the whole-population whole-process service model, the deformity prevention and rehabilitation service model, and strengthening capacity building and quality control". From 2010 to 2021, Shenzhen has maintained zero new cases of childhood leprosy and zero recurrent cases of leprosy, and the ratio of grade 2 deformity disability cases among new leprosy cases is 14.9%, which is at a low level in China. The key strategic measures and progress implemented by Shenzhen in the process of eliminating leprosy hazards and moving towards zero leprosy provide the basis for the next step in the development and adjustment of comprehensive leprosy prevention and control strategies and for accelerating the achievement of "zero leprosy".

Forum Specialist

Updated progresses of acute severe hepatitis of unknown aetiology in children Yang Guilin, Yang Zhi, Wu Weigang, Zeng Furong, Ou Pengcheng 2022, 7 (3):  6-11.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2022.03.002 Abstract ( 415)    PDF (849KB) ( 588 )    The outbreak of acute severe hepatitis of unknown aetiology in children has been reported in many European countrie,the main clinical manifestations of this disease are significant elevation of aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) >500 U/L, often accompanied by jaundice, and hepatomegaly. Most children have gastrointestinal symptoms. Some cases have fever or respiratory symptoms, and a small number of cases develop acute liver failure. No related cases have been reported in China. At present, its etiology is still not completely clear, and adenovirus infection is still considered as the most likely main cause. However, the possibility that SARS-CoV-2 is involved cannot be ruled out. The immune activation mediated by SARS-CoV-2 superantigen may be related to the occurrence of severe hepatitis of unknown origin in children. At present, the main clinical treatment is symptomatic and supportive treatment. A small number of children have acute liver failure, and some of them need liver transplantation. To strengthen the knowledge and understanding of acute hepatitis of unknown origin in children, and provide theoretical guidance and reference for the development of clinical diagnosis, treatment and health prevention and control policies.

Guidelines Consensus

Interpretation of Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of monkeypox (2022 Edition) Wang Changtai, Liu Linna, Zhao Lingzhai, Zhang Fuchun 2022, 7 (3):  12-17.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2022.03.003 Abstract ( 840)    PDF (872KB) ( 2083 )    Monkeypox is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by monkeypox virus, which mainly manifests as fever, Severe headache, lymphadenopathy, and rash. The disease were mainly prevalent in western and central Africa. Since May 2022, monkeypox outbreaks have occurred in non-endemic countries around the world, and there is community transmission. Most clinical processes of monkeypox are self-limiting, and rarely have serious complications, even to life-threatening. In order to improve the ability of early clinical identification and standardized diagnosis and treatment, the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China issued the Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of monkeypox (2022 Edition). This paper reviews the relevant research process of monkeypox, and interprets the guidelines. The course covered the etiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, laboratory examination, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of infection in medical institutions of monkeypox and etc, in order to improve the clinicians' understanding of monkeypox.

Original Articles

Potential efficacy of combined use of albuvirtide and dolutegravir in newly diagnosed AIDS patients Zhu Yingchun, Cai Lin 2022, 7 (3):  18-21.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2022.03.004 Abstract ( 1306)    PDF (834KB) ( 449 )    Objective To analyze the short-term efficacy and immune function of albuvirtide and dolutegravir in newly treated patients with AIDS,and to assess its efficacy. Method 186 patients with AIDS were collected from March 2020 to February 2021. Patients received ABT combined with DTG for 4 weeks,then observed the the curative effect and immune level,and statistically analyzed. Result After 4 weeks of ABT + DTG combined treatment, the plasma HIV RNA of patients was significantly decreased (t=32.87, P<0.001), and some patients were lower than the detection limit (<40 copies/ml). At the same time, the immune function of patients was significantly improved after 4 weeks of ABT + DTG combination therapy (P=0.001).The results showed that regardless of the baseline HIV RNA level, the serum CD4+T lymphocyte level (P<0.001) and CD4+T/CD8+T ratio were significantly increased (P=0.005). Immune function reconstruction is more obvious, especially in patients with high viral load. Conclusion For newly diagnosed AIDS patients, the ABT+DTG antiviral therapy can rapidly reduce HIV RNA levels and improve the immune function in the short term, regardless of the HIV viral load in the body. It can improve the immune function of patients, and make patients benefit significantly. It provide a valuable treatment plan for newly diagnosed AIDS patients.

Clinical characteristics of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants Zhang Ying, Li Xiaohe, Chen Feng, Yuan Jing 2022, 7 (3):  22-26.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2022.03.005 Abstract ( 714)    PDF (887KB) ( 763 )    Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and laboratory tests of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta and Omicron variant infections cases, and to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2. Methods A retrospective study was conducted to collect the clinical data of 23 cases of SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant admitted to Shenzhen Third People's Hospital from June 11, 2021 to November 8, 2021, and 34 patients with Omicron variant admitted from February 21, 2022 to March 9, 2022. We compared and analyzed the clinical symptoms, vaccination, laboratory test results, and chest CT imaging features of patients infected with different variants. Result s Among patients infected with the Delta and Omicron variants, 35 cases (61.4%) were males, and 56 cases (98.2%) were young and middle-aged. The main clinical manifestations were cough, sore throat and fever, clinical staging was predominantly mild (χ2=11.797, P＜0.05), and no severe cases. Comparing the two groups of patients receiving COVID-19 vaccine vaccination, it was found that the number of patients in Omicron group received booster shots of COVID-19 vaccine than Delta group (χ2=12.853, P＜0.05). The time from the last vaccination to the onset was more than 1 month in 90.9%（50 cases） patients, but there was no significant difference between the two groups (χ2=3.079, P＞0.05). In comparison of laboratory test results between the two groups, IL6 levels were higher while serum K and LDH levels were lower in the Delta group, with statistically significant differences (all P＜0.05). The median Ct value of viral nucleic acid in both groups at admission were lower than 20, and the nucleic acid Ct values in the Omicron group at day 3, 7, 14, and 21 were significantly higher than that in the Delta group (all P＜0.05), the number of viral nucleic acid negative cases at day 14 and 21 was significantly higher than those in the Delta group (all P＜0.05). The positive duration of viral nucleic acid and hospital stay were also significantly shorter than those in Delta group (all P＜0.05).In comparison of antibody levels between the two groups, the IgG positive rate of Omicron and Delta group at admission was 64.7% and 34.8%, respectively, the median level of IgM and IgG in Omicron group was significantly higher than that in Delta group (all P＜0.05). On day 7, the IgG positive rate of Omicron and Delta group was 93.7% and 75.0%, respectively, and there was no significant difference in the comparison of IgM and IgG between the two groups (all P＞0.05). Conclusion Patients infected with Delta and Omicron variants both have strong infectivity, and the Omicron variant infected patients with the virus's nucleic acid turned negative more quickly. Both may have certain immune escape against the existing COVID-19 vaccines.

Analysis of the clinical effect of ambroxol hydrochloride on the treatment of COVID-19 Li Li, Zhang Xin, Dai Muwei, Zheng Huanwei, Kang Haiyan, Xu Yi, Hu Qian, Yang Li, Gao Huixia, Wang Yuling, Jiang Ping, Dai Erhei 2022, 7 (3):  27-31.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2022.03.006 Abstract ( 795)    PDF (845KB) ( 820 )    Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of ambroxol hydrochloride on the treatment of Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19). Method A total of 68 patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in the Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang from January to June 2020 were selected and divided into control group and observation group, with 34 cases in each group. Both observation group and control group were given interferon-α5 million U, atomized, twice a day; arbidol 0.2g, orally, 3 times/d, for 10d. Observation group was treated with ambroxol hydrochloride glucose injection (30 mg, twice a day, iv drip) on the basis of conventional treatment for 2 weeks. The clinical efficacy, changes in serum inflammatory indexes and the incidence of adverse drug reactions were compared between the two groups. Result The total effective rate of observation group (85.3%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (70.6%) (P<0.05). The clinical symptoms improvement time, pulmonary imaging improvement time and hospitalization time in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group, but the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The levels of serum PCT and CRP in the observation group were significantly lower after treatment than before (P<0.05), leukocyte count and lymphocyte count were significantly higher than those before treatment (P<0.05). In the control group the CRP level after treatment was significantly lower than that before treatment (P<0.05), the leukocyte count and lymphocyte count were significantly higher than those before treatment (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in PCT level before and after treatment (P>0.05). There was no adverse reaction in the observation group and the control group during the treatment period. Conclusion Ambroxol hydrochloride treatment for COVID-19 patients can promote the remission of clinical symptoms and absorption of pulmonary lesions, and reduce inflammatory response, which is worthy of popularization and application.

Analysis of the effect of standard anti-TB treatment regimen on renal function in patients with MDR-TB Fu Han, Wang Peng, Zhang Zonghua, Ji Lecai 2022, 7 (3):  32-36.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2022.03.007 Abstract ( 517)    PDF (891KB) ( 733 )    Objective To explore the extent of drug damage to renal function during the treatment of MDR-TB patients with a standard anti-TB regimen, and evaluate its impact on the treatment. Method The clinical data and test data of 125 MDR-TB patients treated in the Tuberculosis Department of Shenzhen Chronic Disease Prevention and Treatment Center from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019 were collected retrospectively, and the changes of serum creatinine, urea nitrogen and urine protein were analyzed. R software (version 3.6.2) was used for statistical processing and drawing. Result Among 125 patients, 81.6% (102/125) included injections such as amikacin in their treatment regimen, and 18.4% (23/125) did not. There were 24 patients with abnormal renal function in 102 patients with injection regimen, and 8 patients with abnormal renal function in 23 patients without injection regimen. The value of χ2 was 1.506, P=0.220. During the course of treatment, 25.6% (32/125) patients showed abnormal renal function indicators of different types: 8.0% (10/125) patients with increased urea alone, 5.6% (7/125) patients with increased serum creatinine alone, 3.2% (4/125) patients with positive urine protein alone, and 5.6%( 7/125) patients with increased urea combined with increased serum creatinine, 1.6% (2/125) patients with increased urea combined with positive urinary protein, patients with elevated serum creatinine combined with positive urinary protein were 0.8% (1/125), and those with all three abnormalities were 0.8% (1/125). The positive time of urine protein is earlier than that of urea and creatinine. According to RIFLE's diagnostic scale, 2.4% (3/125) of patients had renal impairment. Conclusion The Standard anti-tuberculosis regimen had little effect on patients' renal function during the treatment of MDR-TB, and most of the patients had transient mild abnormalities. Amikacin injection did not cause significant increase in renal injury. In the course of treatment, timely monitoring of routine urine and renal function, especially urinary protein, early detection of abnormalities and proper treatment can effectively avoid the occurrence of serious kidney injury and ensure the effective implementation of treatment regimen.

Analysis of genotype drug resistance in HIV/AIDS patients who failed antiviral therapy Zhou Ming, Huang Lihua, Gong Shijiang, Huang Kui 2022, 7 (3):  37-40.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2022.03.008 Abstract ( 512)    PDF (844KB) ( 567 )    Objective Analyzing drug resistant gene mutation of patients accept HIV-1 anti-viral treatment（HAART） in Liuzhou, Guangxi, monitoring occurrence of drug resistance to provide a basis for evaluating the effect of anti-viral treatment. Method We conduct a retrospective cohort study is conducted to collect blood samples of patients suffering from HIV in Liuzhou, Guangxi, who have a first-line anti-viral treatment time of more than 12 months and viral load of >1000 copies/ml. We also perform genotype drug resistance test to analyze the occurrence and characteristics of drug resistance. Result We observe 308 patients, and obtain 288 gene sequences successfully. The gene subtype is mainly CRF01_AE, while the total drug resistant rate is 40.63%（117/288）, and the mutation rate of drug resistant gene is 56.94%(165/288). The nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) resistance mutation sites were mainly M184V, D67N and K65R. The non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) resistance mutation sites were mainly K103N, G190A, Y181C and V179D. Protease inhibitors (PIS) resistance mutation sites were mainly L10I, L10V and A71V. Conclusion In Liuzhou, Guangxi, HIV-1 genotype drug resistant is very high in patients who fail in HAART, so they need more drug resistant monitoring so as to figure out the system of drug resistant mutational sites, doctors will be familiar with the existence of drug-resistant and cross-drug-resistant patterns among antiretrovirals ,it is beneficial for patients to be compatible with the appropriate first-line treatment plan and delay the use of second-line drugs.

Prospective cardiac magnetic resonance study of myocardial injury in AIDS patients Zhang Na, Jiang Nan, Gao Yueqin, Cai Lin, Xie liqiu, Xie Xianwei, Zheng Haiyan, Hou Keke 2022, 7 (3):  41-45.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2022.03.009 Abstract ( 573)    PDF (2359KB) ( 586 )    Objective To evaluate the changes of myocardial tissue and cardiac function in AIDS patients by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR). Method 45 male AIDS patients and 18 healthy controls were prospectively included for CMR scanning. Post-processing analysis was performed to evaluate cardiac involvement. Myocardial tissue changes, including edema, microcirculation disorders and fibrosis; including cardiac function indexes, volume parameters, ejection fraction and left ventricular remodeling index (LVRI); Changes in mitral and tricuspid valve structure and function were assessed. Furthermore, the cardiac function indexes of AIDS patients with/without heart involvement and normal controls were compared. Result 16 cases (35.5%) of AIDS patients presented with cardiac involvement, including reduced systolic function of left and right ventricles, myocardial edema, the mitral and tricuspid valves thickened, triapphal regurgitation and myocardial microcirculation disturbance. There was no significant reduction in left and right ventricular volume parameters in AIDS patients with/without cardiac involvement compared with normal controls (all P>0.05). The left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular stroke volume of AIDS patients with heart involvement showed a decreasing trend compared with AIDS patients without heart involvement and normal control. The left ventricular remodeling index of AIDS patients without heart involvement was significantly higher than that of the normal control (1.62±0.26 vs 1.45±0.24, P=0.025), and the LVRI of AIDS patients with heart involvement was not significantly higher than that of the normal control. Conclusion Cardiac involvement in patients with HIV/AIDS is common, such as changes in valves, cardiac dysfunction, myocardial edema and microcirculation, etc. HIV/AIDS patients have developed left ventricular remodeling when the left ventricular volume and ejection fraction has not significantly change in the early stage. CMR could provide more comprehensive objective evidence for assessing myocardial injury of AIDS patients in the early stage.

Etiology and diagnosis of 30 cases of AIDS complicated with pleural effusion Li Zhifeng, Liang Lianshao, Xie Zhouhua 2022, 7 (3):  46-49.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2022.03.010 Abstract ( 854)    PDF (1425KB) ( 429 )    Objective To analyze the etiology of AIDS complicated with unexplained pleural effusion, and to explore its diagnosis method. Method A retrospective analysis of clinical data such as Clinical manifestations, laboratory tests and histopathology of 30 cases of AIDS with unexplained pleural effusion in our institute between February 2017 to May 2020 was performed. Result Among the 30 AIDS patients with unexplained pleural effusion, 73.3% were diagnosed with tuberculous pleurisy (22/30), 20.0% had malignant pleural effusion (6/30), and 6.7% were undiagnosed(2/30), of which 20 were diagnosed by medical thoracoscopy (MT), 14 were tuberculous pleurisy,6 cases were malignant pleural effusion, and the mt diagnosis rate was 66.7% (20/30). In HIV-positive patients with tuberculous pleuritis, pleural hypertrophy and adhesion are more common under thoracoscopic, the pleural histopathological changes are dominated by lymphocytic infiltration. Granulomas, caseous necrosis and langerhans giant cells are rare. Conclusion Tuberculous pleurisy is the most common in the AIDS complicated with unexplained pleural effusion, the pleural histopathological changes of AIDS complicated with tuberculous pleuritis were mainly lymphocyte infiltration, MT is useful in the diagnosis of AIDS complicated with unexplained pleural effusion.

Safety and immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccination in patients with NAFLD and liver cancer Liu Xing, Wu Wei, Zhang Xiaoming, Li Qiang, Quan Dongmei, Zhang Zhen, Dai Yue, Zhang Linge, Song Guannan, Li Xinyue, Zhu Yidan, Wang Yan 2022, 7 (3):  50-54.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2022.03.011 Abstract ( 593)    PDF (859KB) ( 749 )    Objective To investigate the safety and immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccination in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Method Ten COVID-19 patients who had been infected with SARS-CoV-2 and people who voluntarily vaccinated with COVID-19 inactivated vaccine (including 30 Healthy people, 30 NAFLD patients and 10 HCC patients) between December 2020 and October 2021 in the Sixth People's Hospital of Shenyang were enrolled in the study. The healthy group and NAFLD group were vaccinated with 3 doses and the HCC group was vaccinated with 2 doses. The neutralizing antibody (nAb) and liver function after each dose were detected, and the T lymphocyte subsets of the healthy group and the HCC group were tested after the first two doses. The occurrence of adverse reactions after vaccination in each group was recorded. The nAb of COVID-19 patients after 6 months' treatment was also detected. Result The nAb level in healthy group, NAFLD group and HCC group increased gradually with the increase of vaccine doses. The nAb level in healthy group and NAFLD group after the third dose of vaccine were higher than those in COVID-19 patients after 6 months' treatment. CD4+T and CD4+T% were increased in both healthy group and HCC group after vaccination, accompanied by an increase of CD8+T. Injection site pain was the most common adverse reaction. Conclusion COVID-19 inactivated vaccination was safety and has good immunogenicity in patients with liver disease. The third dose is especially suitable for a small number of patients with liver diseases who need to increase the vaccine dose to obtain a better response, and specific people who cannot produce immune response by conventional two doses.

Application value of MAGiC sequences in the diagnosis of HIV-related neurocognitive disorders Luo Jieqi, Zhou Yun, Chao Hua, Yun Yongxing, Wang Zhan, Bao Xiaohui, Guo Ang, Zheng Guangping 2022, 7 (3):  55-59.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2022.03.012 Abstract ( 431)    PDF (1238KB) ( 643 )    Objective To quantitatively measure intracranial T1 value, T2 value and PD value of AIDS patients with MAGiC technology, and to explore the application value of MAGiC sequence in the diagnosis of HIV-related neurocognitive disorders. Method From May 2021 to September 2021, 38 hiv-infected patients were examined by magnetic resonance MAGiC technology in Shenzhen Third People's Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. According to the presence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND), the patients were divided into two groups (23 cases in the non-HAND group and 15 cases in the HAND group), and 18 cases without HIV infection were selected as the normal control group. T1-mapping (MS), T2-mapping (MS) and proton density PD(PU) values of both centrum semiovale, anterior horn of lateral ventricle, posterior horn of lateral ventricle, both basal ganglia, genu of corpus callosum, brainstem and ce-rebellum were quantitatively measured by MAGiC technique.The independent samples Kruskal-Wallis test was used for comparison between two groups, and the ROC curve was drawn. Result ①The T1 value of each measuring point in the HAND group was higher than that in the non-HAND group and the normal control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); ②There were no significant differences in T1,T2 and PD values between the non-HAND group and the normal control group (P>0.05); ③T1 is the most effective for distinguishing HAND from non-hand. The area under the curve of T1 value in the right basal ganglia was 0.897, the sensitivity was 1, the specificity was 0.725, P<0.001, and the optimal diagnostic threshold was 998.33ms. Conclusion The T1 value of each intracranial part of HAND patients is significantly higher than that of non-HAND patients and non-HIV-infected patients. Quantitative measurement of T1 value can reflect whether HIV-infected patients.

Epidemiological characteristics of 719 cases of HIV/AIDS with malignancies Zhong Ming, Song Yijie, Wang Ning, Jiang Liangshuang, Yao Xiaojun 2022, 7 (3):  60-63.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2022.03.013 Abstract ( 484)    PDF (838KB) ( 634 )    Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of 719 cases of HIV/AIDS with malignant tumors in a single center. Method Data were extracted from medical records of 719 patients diagnosed as HIV/AIDS with malignant tumors in Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu from March 2017 to March 2021. And epidemiological characteristics,including tumor-AIDS relationship, and type of malignancy of HIV/AIDS with malignant tumors were analyzed. Result Among the 719 patients, AIDS-related tumors (ADCs) accounted for 29.49%(212/719), and non-AIDS-related tumors (NADCs) accounted for 70.51%(507/719); 72.46%(521/719) cases were males, Top 3 tumors: non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, lung cancer, liver cancer; 27.54%(198/719) cases were females, Top 3 tumors: cervical cancer, non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, lung cancer, the distribution of HIV/AIDS with malignant tumors between genders was statistically different（P<0.001）; Among the patients of age groups, non-Hodgkin Lymphoma(41/165, 70/404) was the highest in young and middle-aged patients with malignant tumors, and lung cancer (32/150) was the highest in elderly patients; Among the patients of ethnic groups, non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (116/719,3/719) was the highest in Han Chinese and Tibetan, and Kaposi's sarcoma (6/719) was the highest in Li Chinese, the distribution of genders, and ethnicity among types of malignant tumors was statistically significant different（P<0.001）. Conclusion Among patients diagnosed as HIV/AIDS with malignant tumors, non-Hodgkin Lymphoma(NHL) was more common in male, and the young and middle-aged; Lung cancer was more common in the old, while cervical cancer was more in female. Besides, Han Chinese and Tibetan were prone to be NHL, but Yi Chinese was Kaposi sarcoma. Attention should be paid to such people.

Analysis of the dynamic observation effect on prevention of mother-to-child transmission of AIDS, syphilis and viral hepatitis type B in Qingdao, 2017-2021 Ge Cuicui, Yi Yatong, Jiang Min, Yuan Li 2022, 7 (3):  64-67.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2022.03.014 Abstract ( 557)    PDF (843KB) ( 540 )    Objective To Analyze the related indications for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of AIDS, syphilis and viral hepatitis B in Qingdao from 2017 to 2021,so as to provide ideas and basis for promoting the elimination of mother-to-child transmission. Method The date of national information system for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV,syphilis and HBV was used to analyze the related indications and their annual changes. Result From 2017 to 2021, the number of maternity in Qingdao was 513 066. All the detection rates of HIV,syphilis and HBV were 100%. The positive detection rates of HIV and syphilis were 0.58/10 000, 0.27%,respectively, and showed an increasing trend（P<0.05）; the positive detection rate of HBV was 3.54%, and showed a decreasing trend(P<0.001). During the 5 years, the treatment rates of both HIV positive pregnant women and infants born to pregnant women with HIV increased, which were 100% in the nearly three years; the treatment rate of pregnant women with syphilis increased from 64.6%(2017) to 97.53%(2021) and that of infants born to pregnant women with syphilis increased from 50.16%(2017) to 95.53%(2021) year by year, both with statistically significance(P<0.001). The inoculation rate of immune globulin for infants born to pregnant women with HBV was 99.98%. From 2017 to 2021,the rate of mother-to-child transmission of HIV was 0;the incidence rate of congenital syphilis was 0.39/100 000; the HBsAg positive rate of children younger than 12 months born to pregnant women with HBV was 0.8% in 2021. Conclusion From 2017 to 2021, The indications for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV,syphilis and HBV were all improved in Qingdao and the mother-to-child transmission rates remained at a low level. But the treatment rates of pregnant women with HIV and syphilis are still needed to consolidate. Preparing for elimination of mother-to-child transmission, further intervention measures must be strengthened in the future work.

Retrospective analysis of severe streptococcus suis caused by skin infection Zeng Furong, Yang Guilin, Zhu Dejun 2022, 7 (3):  68-71.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2022.03.015 Abstract ( 356)    PDF (1217KB) ( 570 )    Objective To improve the medical staff's understanding of streptococcus suis by retrospective analysis of the clinical relevant data of patients with streptococcus suis caused by skin infection. Method The clinical data, laboratory results, bacterial culture and identification, imaging examination, diagnosis and treatment outcomes of 6 patients with Streptococcus suis caused by skin infection admitted to Shenzhen People's Hospital were retrospectively analyzed form February 2011 to February 2021, and the clinical characteristics were analyzed. Result All of the six patients were male, and all were infected by carrier pork through skin wound, and all of them were identified as streptococcus suis by blood culture or cerebrospinal fluid culture. Five patients had onset of meningitis, and the disease was well controlled by active antimicrobial therapy, and two patients had hearing impairment, and their hearing recovered after treatment. One patient developed rapidly and died due to shock. Conclusion Streptococcus suis can be infected by skin contact with carrier pork, and medical staff should improve the understanding of Streptococcus suis and facilitate early clinical diagnosis to effectively control the progression of the patient's disease..

Review

Analysis of the biological characteristics of Chlamydia psittaci Lu Huiqun, Shi Xiaolu, Ji Liyin, Qiu Shuxiang, Xu Shiqin 2022, 7 (3):  72-77.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2022.03.016 Abstract ( 525)    PDF (852KB) ( 1045 )    Chlamydia psittaci is a pathogen that can cause psittacosis in humans and animals. Patients often present with symptoms of respiratory infection, which can cause systemic disease in severe cases. People are most likely to contract Chlamydia psittaci when they come into contact with sick or infected birds, poultry and their secretions. In recent years, Chlamydia psittaci has been found in many areas of China, affecting the survival and reproduction of birds and animals, making people sick, with serious consequences. Due to the unique growth pattern of Chlamydia psittaci and its similarity to the diseases and symptoms caused by more respiratory pathogens, there are few comprehensive descriptions of its biological characteristics. Therefore, this article summarized the prevalence and distribution, etiological characteristics, genomic characteristics, detection techniques, prevention and treatment of Chlamydia psittaci, and provided basis for further research on the occurrence and development of Chlamydia psittaci.

Technology research progress in clinical laboratory diagnosis and drug susceptibility test of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Zhao Junpeng, Liu Haitao, Shi Fengling, Li Guogang 2022, 7 (3):  78-83.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2022.03.017 Abstract ( 686)    PDF (854KB) ( 1086 )    In this paper, the current diagnostic technologies of clinical TB are reviewed according to the way of phenotype technology, immunological technology genetic technology, mass spectrometry technology and et al. Phenotype technologies include microscope test technology, isolation and culture technology, phage lysis assay technology, other phenotypic laboratory diagnostic technology and et al. Immunology protein diagnostic technologies include traditional immunology technology, Enzyme linked immunospot assay and Interferon gamma release assay, colloidal gold immunochromatographic test card technology and et al. Genetics diagnosis technologies include semi-nested PCR amplification technology, fluorescence probe PCR melting curve technology, loop mediated isothermal amplification technology, Linear probe Geno Type MTBDRplus technology, whole genome sequencing. The destination is to explore the advantages and disadvantages of different detection technology in the diagnosis and drug susceptibility test(DST) of TB at present, and to look forward to the continuous improvement of TB test technologies in the future, so as to provide reference for the selection of suitable test technologies for laboratories of different grades and functions.

Research progress of anxiety and depression with HIV/AIDS patients He Dingling, Zhao Xia, Guo Lihua 2022, 7 (3):  84-89.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2022.03.018 Abstract ( 622)    PDF (850KB) ( 876 )    HIV/AIDS patients generally have severe anxiety and depression,and these negative emotions will not only inhibit the immune function of HIV/AIDS patients,reduce the quality of their lives and treatment compliance,but also be one kind of the risk factors leading to death of patients.Therefore,it is particularly critical to study the influencing factors of anxiety and depression of HIV/AIDS patients,help them relieve negative emotions,and improve the quality of their lives and treatment compliance.In recent years,scholars at home and abroad have deepened their understanding of the influencing factors of anxiety and depression of HIV/AIDS patients,and made some progresses in this research filed.Many studies have shown that psychological intervention plays a very important role in the maintenance of physical and mental health of HIV/AIDS patients.Therefore, the author systematically reviewed the related researches on the anxiety and depression of HIV/AIDS patients,and emphatically summarized the influencing factors and intervention methods of anxiety and depression in this population,in order to provide evidence for preventing or relieving anxiety and depression of HIV/AIDS patients.

Education Fields

Clinical imaging diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis and the differential diagnosis with Crohn disease Zheng Guangping, Luo Jieqi, Bao Xiaohui, Lu Puxuan, Wei Fangjun 2022, 7 (3):  90-94.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2022.03.019 Abstract ( 652)    PDF (2599KB) ( 825 )    Tuberculosis (TB) still has a relatively high incidence in the world, and it is a sever public health problem. China is one of eight countries that account for two-thirds of the global TB total, and the prevention and control of TB remains grim. Intestinal tuberculosis, secondary to tuberculosis, is the most common type of abdominal tuberculosis. About 85%-90% of intestinal tuberculosis is located in the ileocecal valve and its adjacent ileum and colon, and the other parts are ascending colon, jejunum, transverse colon, etc. Bowel tuberculosis has the disease slowly commonly, and can manifest abdominal pain, abdominal wrap, diarrhea and constipation. Imaging examination is of great value in the diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis. In particular,abdominal CT scan have a important role in understanding the internal structure of intestinal lesions and the degree of intestinal wall infiltration. In addition, colon double contrast imaging and PET/CT examination has certain diagnostic ability, but it is rarely used in clinic.Plain CT scan of the abdomen showed that intestinal tuberculosis usually manifest annular thickening of the intestinal wall and narrowing of the intestinal lumen, which may show intestinal skipping changes. Contrasted CT scan showed obvious uniform enhancement of the intestinal wall of the lesion area, and stratified phenomenon, “target sign” and“double ring sign”. Crohn disease is an inflammatory disease of intestinal tract of unknown cause, and also occurs in ileum and right colon with segmental and skipping lesions. Imaging and fiber-colonscopy revealed that Crohn disease and intestinal tuberculosis were different from mucosal ulcers. Crohn disease was multiple linear ulcers crisscrossing and characterized by longitudinal ulcers, while intestinal tuberculosis was characterized by transverse, circumferent banded ulcers and stellate ulcers. It is difficult to distinguish Crohn disease from intestinal tuberculosis by pathological examination. No caseous lesions were observed in Crohn disease histopathology, while caseous lesions may occur in intestinal tuberculosis.