Abstract: Peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis is a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis treatment, which can lead to a variety of adverse clinical outcomes.Therefore, the prevention and treatment of peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis is an important step to improve the prognosis of patients. Most peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis is caused by gram-positive bacteria, of which penicillium is rare. In this paper, a 45-year-old female patient with peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis was reported, who had previously received electronic colonoscopy indicating coliti.The patient treated with anti-infective therapy such as levofloxacin, imipenemenciastatin, fluconazole, etc. Subsequent peritoneal dialysis tube microbial culture results indicated penicillium infection, and peritonitis was cured after the peritoneal dialysis tube was extracted and replaced with voriconazole antifungal therapy. The diagnosis and treatment of this patient indicated that the clinical manifestations of the disease and routine laboratory examination were non-specific, and the possibility of penicillium infection should be vigilant for patients with poor treatment effect or negative culture of peritonitis. While timely and standardized treatment of peritonitis, attention should be paid to identifying and treating the predisposing factors of peritonitis associated with peritoneal dialysis.

Key words: Peritoneal dialysis, Peritonitis, Fungal infection, Penicillium genus, Kidney disease