Epidemiological characteristics and determinants of healthcare-associated infections due to multidrug-resistant organisms

doi:10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2026.02.005

Abstract

Abstract: Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics and risk factors of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) in hospital infections, and to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of MDRO hospital infections. Method A total of 545 patients with hospital-acquired infections in Qingyang People's Hospital from January 1, 2023 to December 31, 2024 were selected as the research subjects. Among them, 91 patients with MDRO infections confirmed by etiology were assigned to the case group. A 1:2 matched case-control study design was adopted, and 182 patients without MDRO infections were matched by age, gender, department, and admission time to form the control group. The chi-square test was used for univariate analysis, and the conditional Logistic regression model was applied to screen independent risk factors with matching factors (age, gender, department, and admission time) as stratification variables. Result A total of 545 cases of hospital-acquired infections were included, among which 91 cases were caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria, accounting for 16.69% (91/545). The main MDRO strains causing hospital-acquired infections were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Staphylococcus aureus, with sputum specimens being the most common (37.36%). The high-incidence department was the comprehensive ICU (25.27%). Multivariate analysis showed that anemia (OR=2.803, 95%CI: 1.416-5.551), use of ≥ 3 types of antibiotics (OR=2.397, 95%CI: 1.282-4.483), history of pulmonary infection (OR=2.569, 95%CI: 1.327-4.976), and previous ICU stay (OR=2.436, 95%CI: 1.242-4.779) were associated with an increased risk of MDRO hospital-acquired infections (P<0.05). Conclusion In tertiary hospitals, MDRO infections are mainly caused by Gram-negative bacteria, with the comprehensive ICU being a high-risk area. Anemia, use of multiple types of antibiotics, history of pulmonary infection, and ICU stay are core risk factors. Stratified prevention and control strategies should be developed to effectively reduce the incidence of MDRO hospital-acquired infections.

Key words: Hospital infection, Multi-drug resistant bacteria, Case-control study

CLC Number:

Yao Chenghong, Duan Kaiyue, Liu Bianye, Quan Fugui, Zhang Xiaoliang, Feng YuJuan, Yao Ziyan, Li Shuhua, Zhang Haojun. Epidemiological characteristics and determinants of healthcare-associated infections due to multidrug-resistant organisms[J]. Electronic Journal of Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2026, 11(2): 24-29.

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