Abstract: Emerging infectious disease is an infectious disease that has newly appeared in population or has been known for some time but is rapidly increasing in incidence or expanding in geographic range. Many major infectious diseases in human history have caused great disaster to human beings. Since 1970s,there are emerging infectious diseases in almost every year. Over the past 30 years,more than 40 emerging infectious diseases have emerged in the world. Emerging infectious diseases have become the focus of public health in the world. There are some unique epidemic characteristics of emerging infectious diseases in recent years.There are a variety of pathogens,but the virus is the most common. One of the remarkable characteristics is zoonotic. The spread of emerging infectious diseases is fast,and the range of the affected area is large. Infection route is complicated and changeable,and the prediction of epidemic tendency is difficult. Emerging infectious disease has a huge impact on the public health. Prevention of emerging infectious diseases include increasing government investment in public health,strengthening the construction of emerging infectious disease monitoring system and strengthening the scientific research and vaccine development of emerging infectious diseases.

Key words: Emerging infectious disease, Epidemiology, Prevention