Abstract: Tuberculosis remains a major global health threat and the leading infectious cause of death worldwide. Five key health-related risk factors—diabetes, HIV infection, smoking, malnutrition, and alcohol use disorder—collectively account for nearly half of all incident tuberculosis cases. These comorbidities not only elevate the risk of tuberculosis development but also contribute to poor treatment outcomes and diminished quality of life, imposing a substantial burden on global public health. To address the challenge of tuberculosis, WHO released the WHO Consolidated Guidelines on Tuberculosis, Module 6: Tuberculosis and Comorbidities on October 7, 2025. The guideline focuses particularly on HIV infection and malnutrition, providing systematic, evidence-based recommendations for the screening, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of TB in affected populations. It aims to inform global TB control efforts and support countries in developing and implementing integrated strategies to improve patient outcomes. This article interprets the key recommendations of the guideline to serve as a reference for healthcare professionals, public health practitioners, and policy-makers, thereby supporting the advancement of integrated patient care for TB and comorbidities.

Key words: Tuberculosis, Diabetes, Comorbidities, Acquired immune deficiency syndrome, Undernutrition, World Health Organization, Interpretation