Abstract: The widespread transmission of monkeypox virus poses a significant threat to people living with HIV. On the one hand, the HIV infection rate among people infected with monkeypox virus remains high, and at the same time, the infection rate of other sexually transmitted diseases is also increasing, such as syphilis and gonorrhea. On the other hand, although monkeypox is a self-limiting disease, compared with non-HIV-infected monkeypox patients, monkeypox and HIV-infected patients have a significantly higher risk of severe illness and death, especially in HIV-infected patients with incomplete immune reconstitution. In addition, in patients with monkeypox and HIV infection, the clinical symptoms are more persistent and severe, especially in HIV-infected patients with incomplete immune reconstitution whose CD4⁺T lymphocyte count is less than 200 cells/μl, making diagnosis and treatment more difficult. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the disease characteristics of monkeypox and HIV-infected patients is crucial to effectively prevent and reduce the spread of monkeypox. This article describes the etiological characteristics, epidemiological characteristics, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of patients with monkeypox and HIV infection, aiming to enhance the comprehensive understanding of patients with monkeypox and HIV infection, and provide guidance for this special group of patients. Provide theoretical support for the population to formulate precise prevention and control strategies.

Key words: Monkeypox, HIV infection, Sexually transmitted diseases, Epidemiological characteristics, Clinical characteristics, Prevention and control strategies