2011–2024年青岛市HIV感染孕产妇流行病学特征、妊娠结局及子代高暴露风险影响因素分析

doi:10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2026.01.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的分析2011-2024年青岛市HIV感染孕产妇流行病学特征、妊娠结局及子代高暴露风险的影响因素,为持续优化当地艾滋病母婴阻断干预措施提供依据。方法从国家预防艾滋病、梅毒和乙肝母婴传播管理信息系统采集2011年1月1日至2024年12月31日青岛市辖区内上报的HIV感染孕产妇个案信息,描述其流行病学特征和妊娠结局。用趋势性χ²检验分析妊娠结局和用药情况变化趋势。变量与子代高暴露风险之间的相关程度通过Cramer's V系数进行评价。结果 2011–2024年青岛市共上报80例HIV感染孕产妇,高中及以下文化程度、家务劳动及待业、外省户籍和居住在城乡接合地区人员分别占比76.25%、33.75%、46.25%和41.25%。妊娠结局为分娩者64例（80.00%）,为人工终止妊娠者16例（20.00%）,人工终止妊娠占比由36.84%（7/19）下降至4.00%（1/25）（趋势χ²=7.347,P<0.05）。分娩的HIV感染孕产妇中,孕前或孕早期开始使用抗HIV药物比例由25.00%（3/12）上升到75.00%（18/24）（趋势χ²=9.450,P<0.05）。子代为高暴露风险的HIV感染孕产妇共10例,非在婚（57.14%,4/7）、本次妊娠后确诊HIV感染（33.33%,7/21）的孕产妇子代高暴露风险的比例较高（均P<0.05）。婚姻状况、确认HIV感染时期和配偶HIV检测情况与子代高暴露风险之间存在中等相关性（Cramer's V值分别为0.401、0.341和0.310,均 P<0.05）。结论 2011–2024年青岛市HIV感染孕产妇以高中及以下文化程度、家务劳动及待业、外省户籍、居住在城乡接合地区人员为主要流行病学特征。人工终止妊娠占比总体呈显著逐年下降趋势。非在婚、本次妊娠后确诊的HIV感染孕产妇面临更高的子代高暴露风险。

关键词: 人类免疫缺陷病毒, 孕产妇, 流行病学特征, 妊娠结局, 子代, 暴露风险, 青岛市

Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics, pregnancy outcomes and the influencing factors of high exposure risk in offspring of HIV-infected pregnant women in Qingdao from 2011 to 2024, so as to provide a basis for continuously optimizing the local HIV mother-to-child transmission prevention measures. Method The individual information of HIV-infected pregnant women reported by Qingdao from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2024 was collected from the national management information system for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of AIDS, syphilis and hepatitis B. The epidemiological characteristics and pregnancy outcomes were described. The trend χ² test was used to analyze the changing trends of pregnancy outcomes and treatment situations. And the Cramer's V coefficient was used for evaluating the degree of correlation between variables and high exposure risk in offspring. Result 80 HIV-infected pregnant women were reported in Qingdao from 2011 to 2024. The proportions of individuals with high school education or below, engaged in housework and unemployed, registered in other provinces, and residing in urban-rural fringe areas were 76.25%, 33.75%, 46.25% and 41.25% respectively. Among the cases, 64 (80.00%) resulted in delivery, while 16(20.00%) resulted in artificial termination of pregnancy.The proportion of artificial termination of pregnancy decreased from 36.84%(7/19) to 4.00%(1/25) (trend χ²=7.347, P<0.05). Among the HIV-infected pregnant women who delivered, the proportion of those who started taking medicine before pregnancy or in the first trimester of pregnancy increased from 25.00%(3/12) to 75.00%(18/24) (trend χ²=9.450, P< 0.05). There were 10 HIV-infected pregnant women with high exposure risk in offspring. HIV-infected pregnant women who were unmarried (57.14%, 4/7) or diagnosed after the current pregnancy (33.33%,7/21) had a significantly higher proportion of high exposure risk in offspring (P<0.05). There was a moderate correlation between marital status, spouse's test status, or timing of HIV diagnosis and high exposure risk in offspring (Cramer's V values were 0.401, 0.341 and 0.310 respectively,P<0.05). Conclusion The mainly epidemiological characteristics of HIV-infected pregnant women of 2011-2024 in Qingdao include high school education or below, engaged in housework and unemployed, registered in other provinces and residing in urban-rural fringe areas. The proportion of artificial termination of pregnancy showed a significant annual decline. HIV-infected pregnant women who are unmarried or diagnosed after the current pregnancy face a higher risk of high exposure in their offspring.

Key words: HIV, Pregnant women, Epidemiological characteristics, Pregnancy outcomes, Offspring, Exposure risk, Qingdao city

中图分类号:

R211
R512.91

葛翠翠, 都菁, 梅岳, 江威. 2011–2024年青岛市HIV感染孕产妇流行病学特征、妊娠结局及子代高暴露风险影响因素分析[J]. 新发传染病电子杂志, 2026, 11(1): 34-38.

Ge Cuicui, Du Jing, Mei Yue, Jiang Wei. Analysis of epidemiological characteristics pregnancy outcomes and influencing factors of high exposure risk in offspring of HIV-infected pregnant women in Qingdao,2011-2024[J]. Electronic Journal of Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2026, 11(1): 34-38.

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